An outbreak of Zika virus in western India in the metropolis of Pune in the monsoon of 2024

IF 4.7 3区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection and Public Health Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102720

Gururaj Rao Deshpande , Gajanan N. Sapkal , Asha Salunke , Rashmi Gunjikar , Nitali Tadkalkar , Pradnya Shinde , Nidhi Daga , Manjusha Gopale , Ashwini Ramdasi , Supriya Hundekar , Kavita Lole , Rohan Raj Roy , Jose Antony Jenish , Rashi Srivastava , Shivani Parmar , Pooja Pawara , Kajal Jarande , Shankar Vidhate , Kirtee Khutwad

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Abstract

Background

Sporadic cases and rare outbreaks of Zika Virus (ZIKV) have been reported in India since 2016. Between June to early September 2024; the city of Pune in western India was affected with a large outbreak of ZIKV. Here we report the analysis of epidemiological; clinical and genomic characteristics of the outbreak.

Methods

Suspected ZIKV cases and pregnant women within 3 km radius of ZIKV positive cases and household contacts were included in the study. The study area included parts of the Pune metropolitan region. ZIKV RNA in serum and urine samples was detected by a single-plex Realtime RT-PCR assay. Representative samples were characterized by whole-genome sequencing.

Results

Among clinically suspected ZIKV cases 63/433 (14.55 %); and 45/1615 (2.78 %) pregnant women surveyed; were found positive for acute ZIKV infection. Majority of positive cases were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms. Two cases reported complications of pyelonephritis and encephalitis respectively. There was no evidence of microcephaly in the fetuses of the pregnant women surveyed. The ZIKV strains were found to belong to the Asian lineage and clustered close to the Rajasthan strain reported previously in India. Mutation linked with microcephaly was not found in these sequences. Follow-up of pregnant women till October 2024 indicated 22 % (10/45) of women delivered healthy babies.

Conclusion

The ZIKV strain associated with the present outbreak did not have mutations linked with microcephaly; but had mutations linked with enhanced transmission. Symptoms such as thrombocytopenia; bleeding manifestations; retro-orbital-pain; in a small subset of patients were unique; which were not reported in previous outbreaks in India. The findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced surveillance to plan strategies for public health measures to control the disease spread. Study highlights the need for monitoring the mutations and follow up of ZIKV infected pregnant women and their children to confirm absence of congenital anomalies.

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2024年季风期间，印度西部城市浦那爆发寨卡病毒

自2016年以来，印度报告了寨卡病毒（ZIKV）散发病例和罕见疫情。2024年6月至9月初；印度西部的浦那市受到寨卡病毒大规模暴发的影响。这里我们报告流行病学分析；暴发的临床和基因组特征。方法以寨卡病毒阳性病例及家庭接触者为研究对象，选取半径3 km范围内的寨卡病毒疑似病例及孕妇为研究对象。研究区域包括浦那大都市区的部分地区。采用单路实时RT-PCR法检测血清和尿液中寨卡病毒RNA。代表性样品通过全基因组测序进行表征。结果临床疑似寨卡病毒病例63/433例（14.55 %）；受访孕妇45/1615(2.78 %)；急性寨卡病毒感染呈阳性。大多数阳性病例无症状或症状轻微。合并肾盂肾炎和脑炎2例。在接受调查的孕妇中，没有证据表明胎儿有小头畸形。发现寨卡病毒毒株属于亚洲谱系，聚集在以前在印度报告的拉贾斯坦邦毒株附近。在这些序列中未发现与小头畸形相关的突变。随访至2024年10月，22% %（10/45）的孕妇分娩健康婴儿。结论与本次暴发相关的寨卡病毒株不存在与小头畸形相关的突变；但它们的突变与增强的传播有关。症状如血小板减少症；出血症状;retro-orbital-pain;在一小部分患者中是独一无二的；这在印度以前的疫情中没有报告。这些发现突出表明，迫切需要加强监测，以便制定控制疾病传播的公共卫生措施战略。研究强调需要监测受寨卡病毒感染的孕妇及其子女的突变和随访，以确认不存在先天性异常。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Infection and Public Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -INFECTIOUS DISEASES

CiteScore

13.10

自引率

1.50%

发文量

203

审稿时长

96 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Infection and Public Health, first official journal of the Saudi Arabian Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the Saudi Association for Public Health, aims to be the foremost scientific, peer-reviewed journal encompassing infection prevention and control, microbiology, infectious diseases, public health and the application of healthcare epidemiology to the evaluation of health outcomes. The point of view of the journal is that infection and public health are closely intertwined and that advances in one area will have positive consequences on the other. The journal will be useful to all health professionals who are partners in the management of patients with communicable diseases, keeping them up to date. The journal is proud to have an international and diverse editorial board that will assist and facilitate the publication of articles that reflect a global view on infection control and public health, as well as emphasizing our focus on supporting the needs of public health practitioners. It is our aim to improve healthcare by reducing risk of infection and related adverse outcomes by critical review, selection, and dissemination of new and relevant information in the field of infection control, public health and infectious diseases in all healthcare settings and the community.