Severe asthma beyond bronchodilators: Emerging therapeutic approaches

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

International immunopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114360

Muhammad Qasim Barkat , Majid Manzoor , Chengyun Xu , Nadia Hussain , Ahmad Salawi , Hao Yang , Musaddique Hussain

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Asthma is characterized by reversible airway inflammation, obstruction, and structural remodeling, which lead to the eosinophils and lymphocytes accumulation at inflammation sites and the release of inflammatory cells, like mast cells and dendritic cells, from lungs' epithelial and smooth muscle cells that trigger the activation and release of cytokines and chemokines, attracting more cells and contributing to asthma development. Available pharmacological interventions, like bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents, are considered generally safe and effective to treat asthma, but many affected individuals with severe asthma still struggle with symptom control. This review highlights recent innovative therapies, such as chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cell (CRTH2) antagonists, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, and other novel biological agents, which offer potential new strategies for managing severe asthma and may alter the disease's course.

Kew words.

Inflammation; CRTH2; GSNOR; PDE; Interleukins; Biological agents.

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来源期刊

International immunopharmacology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

935

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： International Immunopharmacology is the primary vehicle for the publication of original research papers pertinent to the overlapping areas of immunology, pharmacology, cytokine biology, immunotherapy, immunopathology and immunotoxicology. Review articles that encompass these subjects are also welcome. The subject material appropriate for submission includes: • Clinical studies employing immunotherapy of any type including the use of: bacterial and chemical agents; thymic hormones, interferon, lymphokines, etc., in transplantation and diseases such as cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic infection and allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. • Studies on the mechanisms of action of these agents for specific parameters of immune competence as well as the overall clinical state. • Pre-clinical animal studies and in vitro studies on mechanisms of action with immunopotentiators, immunomodulators, immunoadjuvants and other pharmacological agents active on cells participating in immune or allergic responses. • Pharmacological compounds, microbial products and toxicological agents that affect the lymphoid system, and their mechanisms of action. • Agents that activate genes or modify transcription and translation within the immune response. • Substances activated, generated, or released through immunologic or related pathways that are pharmacologically active. • Production, function and regulation of cytokines and their receptors. • Classical pharmacological studies on the effects of chemokines and bioactive factors released during immunological reactions.