The last update on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), diagnosis criteria, and novel treatment

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent reproductive disease influencing 4–20 % of women, often resulting in delayed diagnosis and correlated metabolic issues such as obesity and insulin resistance, impacting their quality of life. Diagnosis is guided according to the Rotterdam criteria, oligo-anovulation, polycystic ovary morphology, and incorporating hyperandrogenism, with Anti-Müllerian hormone as an indicator for ovary morphology. PCOS management necessitates a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, weight loss strategies, dietary adjustments, and pharmacological interventions. Lifestyle interventions, comprising exercise regimens, dietary modifications, and behavioral strategies, exhibit the potential to enhance metabolic health among PCOS patients. While no singular diet or exercise regimen emerges as superior, the Mediterranean and ketogenic diets have demonstrated favorable effects. Pharmacological interventions, such as combined oral contraceptives, metformin, and clomiphene citrate, assume pivotal roles in regulating menstrual cycles and mitigating hyperandrogenism symptoms. Personalized approaches, tailored to individual responses, are imperative for optimizing outcomes in the management of PCOS.