Chemical oxidization of PTAA enables stable slot-die-coated perovskite solar modules

Abstract

The stability of perovskite solar modules has rarely been reported due to inefficient coating reproducibility and charge extraction, especially for the slot-die-coating process. In this study, we regulated the energy-level mismatch and improved the surface wettability by chemical oxidization between antimony trichloride (SbCl₃) and poly[bis(4-phenyl)](2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) through a Lewis acid-base interaction. As a result, charge extraction and coating reproducibility of the slot-die-coated perovskite film were improved. The modules’ power conversion efficiency (PCE) was enhanced to 22.05% and 20.65% (certified 20.33%) with aperture areas of 25 and 64 cm² for the rigid substrates and 18.86% with an aperture area of 12 cm² for the flexible substrates. Furthermore, the encapsulated SbCl₃-doped PTAA module devices with an aperture area of 64 cm² maintain 90% of the initial PCE after a durability test under continuous 1 sun illumination for 1,000 h at 85°C and 85% relative humidity.