Nanofluid magnetoconvection and entropy generation: a computational study for water treatment and resource management

Abstract

This research exploration emerged from the critical need to revolutionize heat transfer techniques, particularly in pivotal domains like nuclear technologies, electronics and energy-efficient systems. The motivation for this study endeavour stemmed from the complex interrelation among nanofluids, magnetic fields and their potential for enhancing heat exchange. A pragmatic numerical approach is utilized to examine the Cu–H₂O nanofluid flow situation within an enclosure featuring cooled vertical walls and a heat-generating source, while ensuring insulation for the remaining edges. The evaluation analyses the contribution of entropy, including total, viscous and thermal entropies, establishing a connection to real-world heat transfer challenges. The Galerkin finite element algorithm is utilized to solve the partial differential system of the modelled problem. The phenomena of entropy generation, fluid flow and heat transfer are studied under the influence of parameters such as the Hartmann number, Rayleigh number, magnetic field inclination angle and nanoparticle volume fraction. The study reveals that irreversibility increases with the magnetic field inclination angle, while entropy generation decreases with an increase in the Hartmann number. The primary innovation of this study is uncovering new dimensions with widespread practical implications by deciphering the complex dynamics of nanofluid convection with entropy generation and inclined magnetic influence. This research holds significant potential for advancing heat transfer applications in water treatment and resource management, aligning with the journal’s focus on sustainable and innovative water solutions.