Comparative Analysis of Social Cognitive and Neurocognitive Performance Across Autism and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

IF 5.3 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.1093/schbul/sbaf005

Ayesha G Rashidi, Lindsay D Oliver, Iska Moxon-Emre, Colin Hawco, Erin W Dickie, Ruyi Pan, Maria T Secara, Ju-Chi Yu, Peter Szatmari, Pushpal Desarkar, George Foussias, Robert W Buchanan, Anil K Malhotra, Meng-Chuan Lai, Aristotle N Voineskos, Stephanie H Ameis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis Social cognitive and neurocognitive performance is impacted in autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Here, we compared social cognitive and neurocognitive performance across a large transdiagnostic sample of participants with autism, SSDs, and typically developing controls (TDCs). Study Design Participants (total N = 584; autism N = 100, SSDs N = 275, TDCs N = 209; aged 16–55 years; 61% male assigned at birth) completed lower-level (eg, emotion processing) and higher-level (eg, theory of mind) social cognitive tasks, the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and a measure of social functioning. Nonparametric groupwise comparisons were undertaken, adjusting for age and sex, and within-group correlations were used to examine associations between social cognition, neurocognition, and social functioning. Study Results Autistic and SSD groups performed worse than TDCs on lower- and higher-level social cognitive tasks, with few autism–SSD differences found. Autism and SSDs had lower neurocognitive scores than TDCs; SSDs demonstrated lower processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, and visual learning versus autism. Positive associations between social cognitive tasks and neurocognition were observed across groups, and self-reported measures of empathy were consistently correlated with social functioning. Conclusions This study represents the largest transdiagnostic comparison of both social cognition and neurocognition in an autism/SSD sample reported to date. Autistic participants and those with SSDs showed similar performance on lower- and higher-level social cognitive tasks relative to controls, while neurocognition was less impacted in autism versus SSDs. These findings underscore the importance of transdiagnostic research into the mechanisms underlying social cognitive deficits and highlight the potential for developing transdiagnostic interventions.

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来源期刊

Schizophrenia Bulletin 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

6.10%

发文量

163

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Schizophrenia Bulletin seeks to review recent developments and empirically based hypotheses regarding the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. We view the field as broad and deep, and will publish new knowledge ranging from the molecular basis to social and cultural factors. We will give new emphasis to translational reports which simultaneously highlight basic neurobiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Some of the Bulletin content is invited as special features or manuscripts organized as a theme by special guest editors. Most pages of the Bulletin are devoted to unsolicited manuscripts of high quality that report original data or where we can provide a special venue for a major study or workshop report. Supplement issues are sometimes provided for manuscripts reporting from a recent conference.