Fundus changes in healthy adults after high altitude exposure

Abstract

Background

To quantify the changes of long-term high altitude (HA) exposure of fundus in healthy adults. The aim is to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of high altitude ophthalmopathy.

Methods

30 eyes of 15 healthy participants exposed to high altitude were recruited in this study. Swept-source optical coherence tomography/Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCT/SS-OCTA) was used to analyze fundus changes in participants before and after plateau exposure. Fundus metrics included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the thickness of the retina (ReT), Inner ReT, Outer ReT, nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and ganglion cell internal plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT), vascular density (VD), the size of the perfusion area (PA), choroidal vessel volume (CVV), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in all quadrants of the macula. All metrics were analyzed by generalized estimating equations (GEE).

Results

Compared with baseline data, all participants who worked at high altitude for more than one year showed no change in visual acuity (P > 0.05) and a decreased in ReT, Outer ReT, GCIPLT and VD in all quadrants (P > 0.05). In addition, Inner ReT and RNFLT show an upward trend (P > 0.05). PA was significantly increased in the overall retina, Inner retina, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and middle capillary plexus (ICP) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The systemic adaptive changes due to high altitude exposure may cause varying degrees of structural and functional changes in the fundus. The current findings require large-scale longitudinal studies to obtain more definitive data on this topic.