Environmental determinants in the development of kidney stone.

IF 2 2区医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

Urolithiasis Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1007/s00240-025-01717-0

Caitao Dong, Yijun Yang, Bobo Cheng, Sixing Yang, Yanxin Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The increase with years of kidney stone prevalence has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The geographical distribution pattern of kidney stone (known as "stone belt") clearly indicates the critical role of environmental exposure in its formation, which has long been an underestimated risk factor in studying the development of kidney stone. Based on our previous studies and bibliometric analysis, we discerned four environmental determinants and elaborated their impacts on human internal exposure related to kidney stone formation. The importance of climatic factor lies in that the relatively high temperature and low humidity environment may contribute greater prevalence of kidney stone, since it promotes elevating the concentration of relatively insoluble stone-forming salts. Geological factors including water quality, hydrogeology, and soil environment is involved in kidney stone formation via the food chain. Additionally, air pollution and heavy metal pollutants also act as potential risk factors by directly or indirectly affecting the normal renal function and urinary metabolism. This review thus provides insights into the specific mechanisms affecting metabolic changes in the human body which result in kidney stone formation under environmental exposure, and shed light on the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis from an interdisciplinary perspective.

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肾结石发生的环境决定因素。

肾结石发病率逐年上升已成为世界范围内严重的公共卫生问题。肾结石的地理分布格局（被称为“石带”）清楚地表明环境暴露在其形成中的关键作用，长期以来，环境暴露是研究肾结石发展过程中被低估的危险因素。基于我们之前的研究和文献计量学分析，我们发现了四个环境因素，并详细阐述了它们对与肾结石形成相关的人体内部暴露的影响。气候因素的重要性在于，相对较高的温度和较低的湿度环境可能使肾结石的发病率更高，因为它促进了相对不溶性的成石盐浓度的升高。包括水质、水文地质和土壤环境在内的地质因素通过食物链参与肾结石的形成。此外，空气污染和重金属污染物也可直接或间接影响肾功能和尿代谢的正常，成为潜在的危险因素。本文综述了环境暴露下影响人体代谢变化导致肾结石形成的具体机制，并从跨学科的角度揭示了肾结石的发病机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Urolithiasis UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Official Journal of the International Urolithiasis Society The journal aims to publish original articles in the fields of clinical and experimental investigation only within the sphere of urolithiasis and its related areas of research. The journal covers all aspects of urolithiasis research including the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics, clinical biochemistry, open and non-invasive surgical intervention, nephrological investigation, chemistry and prophylaxis of the disorder. The Editor welcomes contributions on topics of interest to urologists, nephrologists, radiologists, clinical biochemists, epidemiologists, nutritionists, basic scientists and nurses working in that field. Contributions may be submitted as full-length articles or as rapid communications in the form of Letters to the Editor. Articles should be original and should contain important new findings from carefully conducted studies designed to produce statistically significant data. Please note that we no longer publish articles classified as Case Reports. Editorials and review articles may be published by invitation from the Editorial Board. All submissions are peer-reviewed. Through an electronic system for the submission and review of manuscripts, the Editor and Associate Editors aim to make publication accessible as quickly as possible to a large number of readers throughout the world.