Decoding Gastric Reflexes: The Role of Mechanosensitive Enteric Neurons in Stomach Motility.

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Neurogastroenterology and Motility Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1111/nmo.70011

Gemma Mazzuoli-Weber, Sophia Mayr, Kristin Elfers

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This review focuses on mechanosensitive enteric neurons (MEN) in the guinea pig stomach and their roles in gastric motor reflex pathways. The guinea pig model is advantageous for studying gastric physiology, as its stomach structure and function closely resemble those of humans. Gastric motility involves distinct functional regions: the fundus and proximal corpus act as reservoirs, while the distal corpus and antrum handle food mixing and propulsion. Mechanosensitivity in both gastric cholinergic and nitrergic enteric neurons plays a critical role in adapting muscle activity in response to gastric content volume. These neurons enable reflex circuits involved in the accommodation reflex, with cholinergic excitatory and nitrergic inhibitory pathways promoting relaxation. This review summarizes the anatomical, functional, and neurochemical characteristics of MEN across gastric regions, their direct and indirect interactions with smooth muscle, and the role of distinct neurotransmitters in modulating gastric motility. The need for future studies on mechanosensitive pathways and involved neuronal receptors is highlighted to enhance our understanding, finally aiding therapeutic development.

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胃反射解码：机械敏感肠神经元在胃运动中的作用。

本文综述了豚鼠胃中的机械敏感肠神经元（MEN）及其在胃运动反射通路中的作用。豚鼠模型胃的结构和功能与人的非常相似，有利于研究胃生理学。胃运动涉及不同的功能区域：胃底和近端胃体作为储物区，而远端胃体和胃窦处理食物混合和推进。胃胆碱能神经元和肠氮能神经元的机械敏感性在适应胃内容物容量的肌肉活动中起关键作用。这些神经元使反射回路参与调节反射，胆碱能兴奋和氮能抑制通路促进放松。本文综述了胃区MEN的解剖、功能和神经化学特征，它们与平滑肌的直接和间接相互作用，以及不同神经递质在调节胃运动中的作用。强调了对机械敏感途径和相关神经元受体的未来研究的必要性，以增强我们的理解，最终帮助治疗发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Neurogastroenterology and Motility 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

8.60%

发文量

178

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： Neurogastroenterology & Motility (NMO) is the official Journal of the European Society of Neurogastroenterology & Motility (ESNM) and the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society (ANMS). It is edited by James Galligan, Albert Bredenoord, and Stephen Vanner. The editorial and peer review process is independent of the societies affiliated to the journal and publisher: Neither the ANMS, the ESNM or the Publisher have editorial decision-making power. Whenever these are relevant to the content being considered or published, the editors, journal management committee and editorial board declare their interests and affiliations.