{"title":"Drivers of diversification in sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii).","authors":"Joel H Gayford, Patrick L Jambura","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2024.1530326","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are a charismatic lineage of unquestionable ecological importance in past and present marine ecosystems. Represented by over 1200 species, elasmobranchs have undergone substantial shifts in taxonomic diversity since their origin. Quantifying these diversification trends and their underlying causes improves our understanding of macroevolutionary processes and the factors influencing community composition through deep time. Studies addressing drivers of diversification in Elasmobranchii have yielded conflicting results; some report clear relationships between specific traits and diversification events, whilst others fail to find support for such relationships. There is also some evidence to suggest that biotic interactions or environmental factors (global climatic change and tectonic events) have shaped elasmobranch diversification dynamics. In this review, we summarise the diversification dynamics of elasmobranchs over their evolutionary history, before considering the evidence for the three principal hypothesised drivers of diversification in this clade: trait evolution, biotic interactions, and environmental change. Finally, we discuss major limitations in the field, and how discordant methodologies and data sources hamper our current understanding of diversification in Elasmobranchii. Whilst future studies will undoubtedly be required to further unravel this complex relationship, no single factor can be considered the sole satisfactory explanation for observed deep time diversification trends in Elasmobranchii to the exclusion of the other.</p>","PeriodicalId":12367,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","volume":"12 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617448/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1530326","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are a charismatic lineage of unquestionable ecological importance in past and present marine ecosystems. Represented by over 1200 species, elasmobranchs have undergone substantial shifts in taxonomic diversity since their origin. Quantifying these diversification trends and their underlying causes improves our understanding of macroevolutionary processes and the factors influencing community composition through deep time. Studies addressing drivers of diversification in Elasmobranchii have yielded conflicting results; some report clear relationships between specific traits and diversification events, whilst others fail to find support for such relationships. There is also some evidence to suggest that biotic interactions or environmental factors (global climatic change and tectonic events) have shaped elasmobranch diversification dynamics. In this review, we summarise the diversification dynamics of elasmobranchs over their evolutionary history, before considering the evidence for the three principal hypothesised drivers of diversification in this clade: trait evolution, biotic interactions, and environmental change. Finally, we discuss major limitations in the field, and how discordant methodologies and data sources hamper our current understanding of diversification in Elasmobranchii. Whilst future studies will undoubtedly be required to further unravel this complex relationship, no single factor can be considered the sole satisfactory explanation for observed deep time diversification trends in Elasmobranchii to the exclusion of the other.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide.
Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference.
The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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