Pituitary-Thyroid Hormones and Related Indices in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes: Association With Thyroid Nodules.

IF 2.8 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/DMSO.S503444

Baolan Ji, Shuwei Shi, Hongyan Zhao, Xuan Ma, Jie Sheng, Bo Ban, Guanqi Gao

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Abstract

Aim: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules (TNs), however, the influencing factors of TNs have not been fully clarified under the condition of diabetes. Previous studies have shown a connection between pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) functions and TNs in different populations. However, the potential link in euthyroid patients with diabetes is unclear. We aimed to explore the correlates of TNs in euthyroid type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1965 euthyroid adults with T2D. Clinical and biochemical data, including TH and relevant covariates were collected. TNs were evaluated using ultrasound. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with TNs, with analyses stratified by sex.

Results: The overall prevalence of TNs was 51.9%. The prevalence of TNs was higher in females. Stratified by sex, the results from univariate and further logistic regression analyses showed that free triiodothyronine (FT3) (OR: 1.381; 95% CI: 1.066-1.790) and thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI) (OR: 0.740; 95% CI: 0.584-0.937) were independently correlated with TNs only in females, while no TH-related indicators entered the regression model in males.

Conclusion: The relationship between TH and related indices with TNs exhibited sex differences. Specifically, FT3 and TSHI were independently associated with TNs in females. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating TH and related indices for early monitoring and management of TNs, particularly in euthyroid female T2D patients.

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甲状腺功能良好的2型糖尿病的垂体甲状腺激素及相关指标：与甲状腺结节的关系

目的：糖尿病是甲状腺结节（TNs）的独立危险因素，但糖尿病情况下甲状腺结节的影响因素尚未完全明确。先前的研究表明，在不同人群中，垂体-甲状腺激素（TH）功能与TNs之间存在联系。然而，甲状腺功能正常的糖尿病患者的潜在联系尚不清楚。我们的目的是探讨甲状腺功能良好的2型糖尿病（T2D）患者中TNs的相关性。方法：本横断面研究纳入了1965例甲状腺功能正常的成人T2D患者。收集临床及生化资料，包括TH及相关协变量。超声检查TNs。进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析，以确定与TNs相关的因素，并按性别分层分析。结果：TNs总患病率为51.9%。TNs的患病率在女性中较高。按性别分层，单因素和进一步的逻辑回归分析结果显示，游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3） (OR: 1.381；95% CI: 1.066-1.790)和促甲状腺激素指数（TSHI） (OR: 0.740；95% CI: 0.584-0.937)仅在女性中与TNs独立相关，而在男性中没有th相关指标进入回归模型。结论：TH及相关指标与TNs的关系存在性别差异。具体而言，FT3和TSHI与女性TNs独立相关。这些发现强调了评估甲状腺激素及相关指标对早期监测和管理TNs的重要性，特别是在甲状腺功能正常的女性T2D患者中。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

431

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： An international, peer-reviewed, open access, online journal. The journal is committed to the rapid publication of the latest laboratory and clinical findings in the fields of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity research. Original research, review, case reports, hypothesis formation, expert opinion and commentaries are all considered for publication.