Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with knee osteoarthritis awaiting total knee arthroplasty is similar to that in the general population.

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is common in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) awaiting total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and varies in different regional and ethnic. However, it is unclear whether the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in these patients is different from that in the general population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in both populations to help exploring the relationship between the osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and to explore whether knee function and radiological assessments of KOA are associated with osteoporosis.

Methods: In total, 249 patients diagnosed with KOA awaiting TKA were investigated in this cross-sectional study. The mean age was 70.9 ± 6.4 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) and T scores at the hip and lumbar spine were used to assess bone status using dual X-ray absorptiometry. A matched cohort from 2448 individuals in the Health Examination Center of our hospital was set as controls by matching sex, age (± 3.0 years) and BMI (± 1.0). The Kellgren-Lawrence grades (K-L grades), mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and range of motion (ROM) of the knee were measured to evaluate radiological assessments and knee function in patients awaiting TKA and used to explore the association between KOA and BMD or T score. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia were investigated in the two cohorts, and inferential statistical analyses were undertaken. The chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables while comparisons of scores were examined by ANOVA with/without Bonferroni correction or the Kruskal‒Wallis test.

Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients awaiting TKA was 30.5% (76/249) and 44.2% (110/249), respectively. In the matched cohort, 72/249 (28.9%) had osteoporosis, while 98/249 (39.4%) had osteopenia. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia between the two groups (χ2 = 2.603, P = 0.272). mFTA was significantly correlated with BMD and T score (P < 0.05), while no correlation was found between K-L grade, ROM or WOMAC and BMD or T score (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients awaiting TKA was similar to that in the general population. BMD and T score were not correlated with WOMAC score or K-L grade but were correlated with mFTA.