Risk factors of diabetes in a high risk cardiovascular population in Hainan Province.

Abstract

This study aimed to understand the influencing factors of diabetes among the cardiovascular high-risk population aged 35-75 in Hainan Province, in order to provide a reference basis for the development of scientific prevention strategies and intervention measures. From January 2016 to February 2023, a random sample of 71,819 residents aged 35-75 in Hainan Province was screened, identifying 12,936 cardiovascular high-risk individuals. All 2,908 diabetic patients were chosen as cases, with a 1:1 age- and gender-matched control group selected from the high-risk pool. Data were organized in Excel and analyzed using SPSS 27.0 for t-tests, chi-square tests, and multi-factorial logistic regression to evaluate lifestyle, dietary habits, blood glucose, and medical history as influencing factors among the high-risk cardiovascular population. BMI (OR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.053-1.090) and elevated systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.005, 95%CI: 1.002-1.009), a frequency of seafood consumption more than three times per month (OR = 8.098, 95%CI: 7.100-9.237), and an increased ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.296, 95%CI: 1.208-1.390) were risk factors for diabetes; whereas high school and below educational level (OR = 0.798, 95%CI: 0.678-0.938), high school above educational level (OR = 0.660, 95%CI: 0.491-0.886), exercise frequency of four or more times per week (OR = 0.621, 95%CI: 0.538-0.716), consumption of fresh vegetables 1-3 times per week (OR = 0.425, 95%CI: 0.283-0.640), and consumption of fresh fruits four or more times per week (OR = 0.743, 95%CI: 0.639-0.865) were protective factors against diabetes. Increased BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride-to-HDL ratio, and frequent seafood consumption were diabetes risks for Hainan's high-risk cardiovascular population. Enhanced screening, follow-up, and promotion of healthy lifestyles, including diet and weight control, were needed to lower disease risks.