Characterisation and restoration of a severely damaged paper archive from the Qing Dynasty.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-92134-1

Panpan Liu, Yanli Li, Huimin Li, WenYue Zhang, Yunpeng Qi, Xiaoya Zhang, Yujia Luo, Yuhu Li

{"title":"Characterisation and restoration of a severely damaged paper archive from the Qing Dynasty.","authors":"Panpan Liu, Yanli Li, Huimin Li, WenYue Zhang, Yunpeng Qi, Xiaoya Zhang, Yujia Luo, Yuhu Li","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-92134-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a severely damaged official document produced in the Qing Dynasty (1911 A.D.), was characterized using a range of techniques and subsequently restored using the traditional Chinese conservation methods. The pH and crystalline index of the paper were measured using a pH meter, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the paper archive is acidic and degraded, which is also supported by the broken fibres as observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the properties and durability of the conservation materials, including the conservation paper made of Wikstroemia fibre and wheat starch paste, were explored by determination of colour difference, whiteness, pH, tensile strength, and observation of cross-sectional features before and after dry- and moist-heat degradation. The results demonstrate the conservation materials presented good durability and were then used to perform subsequent conservation treatments, including the assembly of paper pieces and the application of backing paper, to provide additional mechanical support for the preservation of the historical paper archive.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"7380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scientific Reports","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92134-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this study, a severely damaged official document produced in the Qing Dynasty (1911 A.D.), was characterized using a range of techniques and subsequently restored using the traditional Chinese conservation methods. The pH and crystalline index of the paper were measured using a pH meter, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the paper archive is acidic and degraded, which is also supported by the broken fibres as observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the properties and durability of the conservation materials, including the conservation paper made of Wikstroemia fibre and wheat starch paste, were explored by determination of colour difference, whiteness, pH, tensile strength, and observation of cross-sectional features before and after dry- and moist-heat degradation. The results demonstrate the conservation materials presented good durability and were then used to perform subsequent conservation treatments, including the assembly of paper pieces and the application of backing paper, to provide additional mechanical support for the preservation of the historical paper archive.

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Scientific Reports Natural Science Disciplines-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

4.30%

发文量

19567

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： We publish original research from all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering. You can learn more about what we publish by browsing our specific scientific subject areas below or explore Scientific Reports by browsing all articles and collections. Scientific Reports has a 2-year impact factor: 4.380 (2021), and is the 6th most-cited journal in the world, with more than 540,000 citations in 2020 (Clarivate Analytics, 2021). •Engineering Engineering covers all aspects of engineering, technology, and applied science. It plays a crucial role in the development of technologies to address some of the world''s biggest challenges, helping to save lives and improve the way we live. •Physical sciences Physical sciences are those academic disciplines that aim to uncover the underlying laws of nature — often written in the language of mathematics. It is a collective term for areas of study including astronomy, chemistry, materials science and physics. •Earth and environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences cover all aspects of Earth and planetary science and broadly encompass solid Earth processes, surface and atmospheric dynamics, Earth system history, climate and climate change, marine and freshwater systems, and ecology. It also considers the interactions between humans and these systems. •Biological sciences Biological sciences encompass all the divisions of natural sciences examining various aspects of vital processes. The concept includes anatomy, physiology, cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics, and covers all organisms from microorganisms, animals to plants. •Health sciences The health sciences study health, disease and healthcare. This field of study aims to develop knowledge, interventions and technology for use in healthcare to improve the treatment of patients.