Association of gambling activities and modalities with problem gambling in Japan: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey-based study

IF 2.8 Q1 Psychology

Addictive Behaviors Reports Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100595

Takashi Yoshioka , Ryuhei So , Tatsuya Noda , Moritoshi Kido , Chieko Ito , Tomoki Nakaya , Satoshi Funada , Shiori Tsutsumi , Takahiro Tabuchi

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Problem gambling (PG) is a relevant public health concern. Thus, this study aimed to identify the association of specific gambling activities and modalities with PG in Japan.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using data from a large-scale online survey was conducted in Japan between February 6 and 27, 2023. Candidate gambling activities and modalities include sports betting (offline/online), casinos (offline/online), lotteries (offline/online), electronic gaming machines, and trading activities. PG was defined as a score ≥ 8 on the Problem Gambling Severity Index. All estimates were weighted using a nationally representative survey conducted in Japan in 2019. To estimate the association between gambling engagement and the prevalence of PG, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted after adjusting for 13 confounding factors representing demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and geographic characteristics.

Results

A total of 12,955 respondents aged 15–82 years who had gambled in the past year were included. Among the respondents, 12.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 11.4–13.1) were reported PG. The weighted multivariable logistic regression models revealed significant associations of PG with online sports betting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.41, 95 % CI 1.86–3.13), offline casinos (aOR 1.53, 95 % CI 1.16–2.02), online casinos (aOR 4.25, 95 % CI 3.09–5.86), and cryptocurrency trading (aOR 1.60, 95 % CI 1.22–2.10).

Conclusion

Experiences in online sports betting, online and offline casinos, and cryptocurrency trading demonstrated statistically significant associations with the prevalence of PG. These findings emphasize the need for legal awareness of casinos and restrictions on gambling access and betting amounts.

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赌博活动和模式的协会与问题赌博在日本：一个全国性的横断面在线调查为基础的研究

背景和目的问题赌博（PG）是一个相关的公共卫生问题。因此，本研究旨在确定日本特定赌博活动和模式与PG的关联。方法采用横断面研究，使用2023年2月6日至27日在日本进行的大规模在线调查数据。候选赌博活动和形式包括体育博彩（离线/在线），赌场（离线/在线），彩票（离线/在线），电子游戏机和交易活动。PG定义为问题赌博严重性指数得分≥8分。所有的估计都是根据2019年在日本进行的一项具有全国代表性的调查进行加权的。为了估计赌博参与与PG患病率之间的关系，在调整了代表人口统计学、社会经济、健康相关和地理特征的13个混杂因素后，拟合了多变量逻辑回归模型。结果共有12,955名年龄介乎15至82岁的受访者在过去一年曾参与赌博。在受访者中，12.2%（95%置信区间[CI] 11.4-13.1）报告PG。加权多变量logistic回归模型显示PG与在线体育博彩（调整优势比[aOR] 2.41, 95% CI 1.86-3.13），离线赌场（aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16-2.02），在线赌场（aOR 4.25, 95% CI 3.09-5.86）和加密货币交易（aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.22-2.10）有显著关联。在线体育博彩、在线和离线赌场以及加密货币交易的经验表明，PG的流行与统计上显著相关。这些研究结果强调了对赌场的法律意识以及对赌博准入和投注金额的限制的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addictive Behaviors Reports Medicine-Psychiatry and Mental Health

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

71 days

期刊介绍： Addictive Behaviors Reports is an open-access and peer reviewed online-only journal offering an interdisciplinary forum for the publication of research in addictive behaviors. The journal accepts submissions that are scientifically sound on all forms of addictive behavior (alcohol, drugs, gambling, Internet, nicotine and technology) with a primary focus on behavioral and psychosocial research. The emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. We are particularly interested in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research. Studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry as well as scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are also very much encouraged. We also welcome multimedia submissions that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings.