Ethnic Conflict in South Ethiopia Regional State; Investigating the Intra-Ethnic Conflict of Kusume in D'irashe Special Woreda

Abstract

In recent years, political science has produced a wealth of literature exploring the causes and characteristics of violence between ethnic groups and ethnic conflicts. However, there has been a notable lack of attention given to the emergence of violent intra-ethnic conflicts, particularly in the diverse continent of Africa. This study explores the nature, causes, consequences, actors, and politics of the Kusume intra-ethnic conflict. The study employed the instrumentalist theory of ethnicity to underpin its argument. It incorporated both primary and secondary data sources to conduct the research. Data collection involved document analysis, in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. A total of 25 interviews were conducted, with 15 interviewees chosen from local elders, Kebele leaders, youths, and civil servants. The remaining 10 interviewees were chosen from five Woreda Offices of D'irashe. Sixteen participants were selected for focus group discussions. Qualitative data analysis was used to analyze the data and draw scientific findings and recommendations. The study revealed that various factors influenced the conflict in the area. These included issues such as inadequate infrastructure development (e.g., clean water, electricity, and road construction), the prevalence of injustices, lack of good governance, and unequal job opportunities. Furthermore, the conflict was aggravated by the dissolution of the Segen Zone, delayed responses from local and regional governments, ethnic elite competition, and the complex nature of the conflict itself. The consequences of the conflict encompassed material destruction, loss of life, displacement, and disruption of socio-economic and political interactions in the area. The study suggests that federal and regional governments should intervene appropriately to address these issues and prevent similar conflicts in the future.