{"title":"Exploring borophene: pioneering trends in energy storage materials","authors":"Shruti Gupta, Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian, Ajay Kumar, Seyedeh Sadrieh Emadian, Satheesh Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06225-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Borophene, a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer of boron atoms, corroborated phenomenal growth for its exceptional anisotropic properties, including high surface area, tunable bandgap, and superior electronic conductivity, positioning it as a cutting-edge material for energy storage applications. This review critically assesses borophene’s potential, emphasizing its remarkable theoretical storage capacities for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, underpinned by ultrafast ion-diffusion pathways with minimal energy-barriers and bandgap (9.43eV in zigzag-direction) (Duo et al. Coord Chem Rev 427: 213549, 2021). Advanced density functional theory simulations elucidate borophene’s structural stability, ion-transport mechanisms, and tunable electronic properties achieved through carrier doping, defect engineering, and strain modulation. The review highlights novel synthesis strategies, such as plasma ion-implantation on unconventional substrates like carbon cloth and silicon, mitigating existing fabrication bottlenecks. Experimental validations confirm borophene’s superior electrochemical performance, demonstrating exceptional electrocatalytic activity with low overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reactions and high specific capacitance in supercapacitors. Concomitantly, various approaches encompassing carrier-doping, external-strain, and defect formation that assist in tuning the features of borophene have been discussed briefly in this study. By integrating theoretical insights with experimental advancements, this study identifies critical research-gaps and presents critical discussions and roadmap for leveraging borophene’s anisotropic features in next-generation energy storage systems, advancing the frontier of 2D-materials for sustainable energy technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-025-06225-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Borophene, a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer of boron atoms, corroborated phenomenal growth for its exceptional anisotropic properties, including high surface area, tunable bandgap, and superior electronic conductivity, positioning it as a cutting-edge material for energy storage applications. This review critically assesses borophene’s potential, emphasizing its remarkable theoretical storage capacities for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, underpinned by ultrafast ion-diffusion pathways with minimal energy-barriers and bandgap (9.43eV in zigzag-direction) (Duo et al. Coord Chem Rev 427: 213549, 2021). Advanced density functional theory simulations elucidate borophene’s structural stability, ion-transport mechanisms, and tunable electronic properties achieved through carrier doping, defect engineering, and strain modulation. The review highlights novel synthesis strategies, such as plasma ion-implantation on unconventional substrates like carbon cloth and silicon, mitigating existing fabrication bottlenecks. Experimental validations confirm borophene’s superior electrochemical performance, demonstrating exceptional electrocatalytic activity with low overpotentials for hydrogen evolution reactions and high specific capacitance in supercapacitors. Concomitantly, various approaches encompassing carrier-doping, external-strain, and defect formation that assist in tuning the features of borophene have been discussed briefly in this study. By integrating theoretical insights with experimental advancements, this study identifies critical research-gaps and presents critical discussions and roadmap for leveraging borophene’s anisotropic features in next-generation energy storage systems, advancing the frontier of 2D-materials for sustainable energy technologies.
期刊介绍：
The objective of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research is to disseminate knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological phenomena and processes in structures that have at least one lengthscale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm (or submicron in some situations), and exhibit improved and novel properties that are a direct result of their small size.
Nanoparticle research is a key component of nanoscience, nanoengineering and nanotechnology.
The focus of the Journal is on the specific concepts, properties, phenomena, and processes related to particles, tubes, layers, macromolecules, clusters and other finite structures of the nanoscale size range. Synthesis, assembly, transport, reactivity, and stability of such structures are considered. Development of in-situ and ex-situ instrumentation for characterization of nanoparticles and their interfaces should be based on new principles for probing properties and phenomena not well understood at the nanometer scale. Modeling and simulation may include atom-based quantum mechanics; molecular dynamics; single-particle, multi-body and continuum based models; fractals; other methods suitable for modeling particle synthesis, assembling and interaction processes. Realization and application of systems, structures and devices with novel functions obtained via precursor nanoparticles is emphasized. Approaches may include gas-, liquid-, solid-, and vacuum-based processes, size reduction, chemical- and bio-self assembly. Contributions include utilization of nanoparticle systems for enhancing a phenomenon or process and particle assembling into hierarchical structures, as well as formulation and the administration of drugs. Synergistic approaches originating from different disciplines and technologies, and interaction between the research providers and users in this field, are encouraged.
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