Predicting end-of-season timing across diverse North American grasslands.

IF 2.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Alison K Post, Andrew D Richardson
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Abstract

Climate change is altering the timing of seasonal vegetation cycles (phenology), with cascading consequences on larger ecosystem processes. Therefore, understanding the drivers of vegetation phenology is critical to predicting ecological impacts of climate change. While numerous phenology models exist to predict the timing of the start of the growing season (SOS), there are fewer end-of-season (EOS) models, and most perform poorly in grasslands, since they were made for forests. Our objective was to develop an improved EOS grassland phenology model. We used repeat digital imagery from the PhenoCam Network to extract EOS dates for 44 diverse North American grassland sites (212 site-years) that we fit to 20 new and 3 existing EOS models. All new EOS models (RMSE = 22-33 days between observed and predicted dates) performed substantially better than existing ones (RMSE = 43-46 days). The top model predicted EOS after surpassing a threshold of either accumulated cold temperatures or dryness, but only after a certain number of days following SOS. Including SOS date improved all model fits, indicating a strong correlation between start- and end-of-season timing. Model performance was further improved by independently optimizing parameters for six distinct climate regions (RMSE = 4-19 days). While the best model varied slightly by region, most included similar drivers as the top all-sites model. Thus, across diverse grassland sites, EOS is influenced by both weather (temperature, moisture) and SOS timing. Incorporating these new EOS models into Earth System Models should improve predictions of grassland dynamics and associated ecosystem processes.

预测北美不同草原的季节结束时间。
气候变化正在改变季节性植被周期(物候学)的时间,对更大的生态系统过程产生连锁反应。因此,了解植被物候的驱动因素对预测气候变化的生态影响至关重要。虽然有许多物候模型可以预测生长期(SOS)开始的时间,但季末(EOS)模型较少,而且大多数模型在草原上表现不佳,因为它们是为森林设计的。我们的目标是建立一个改进的EOS草地物候模型。我们使用来自PhenoCam网络的重复数字图像来提取44个不同北美草原的EOS数据(212个站点年),我们将其拟合到20个新的EOS模型和3个现有的EOS模型中。所有新的EOS模型(RMSE = 22-33天观察日期和预测日期之间)的表现明显优于现有模型(RMSE = 43-46天)。顶级模型在超过累积低温或干燥的阈值后预测EOS,但仅在SOS之后的一定天数之后。包括SOS日期改善了所有模型拟合,表明赛季开始和结束时间之间有很强的相关性。通过对6个不同气候区(RMSE = 4 ~ 19天)参数的独立优化,进一步提高了模型的性能。虽然最佳模型因地区而异,但大多数模型都包含与最佳全站点模型相似的驱动因素。因此,在不同的草地上,EOS受到天气(温度、湿度)和SOS时间的影响。将这些新的EOS模型整合到地球系统模型中,可以改善草地动态和相关生态系统过程的预测。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Oecologia
Oecologia 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
192
审稿时长
5.3 months
期刊介绍: Oecologia publishes innovative ecological research of international interest. We seek reviews, advances in methodology, and original contributions, emphasizing the following areas: Population ecology, Plant-microbe-animal interactions, Ecosystem ecology, Community ecology, Global change ecology, Conservation ecology, Behavioral ecology and Physiological Ecology. In general, studies that are purely descriptive, mathematical, documentary, and/or natural history will not be considered.
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