The Effects of Unpaved Roads on Instream Sediment: Patterns and Challenges for Monitoring

IF 2.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Robert Al-Chokhachy, Geoffrey Poole, Cameron Thomas, Carl Saunders, Brett Roper, Shane Hendrickson, Cory Davis, Kyle Crapster, Eric Archer
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Abstract

Despite > 700,000 km of unpaved roads in the western United States, our knowledge of how roads impact instream sediment is unclear. We combined two studies, including (1) a regional analysis linking stream habitat data from a large-scale monitoring program with road density data to identify generalizable relationships between roads and streambed sediment distributions and (2) a targeted field study to evaluate the responses of streambed and suspended sediment collected at locations above and below road–stream connection points to better understand the consistency of responses. Regional analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between road density and fine sediment in pool tails and a significant negative relationship between road density and median particle size. We also found significant relationships between landscape, climate, and local covariates and streambed sediment metrics, where most of the parameter estimates of the covariates were equal to or stronger than those for road density. Field studies suggested higher suspended sediment levels across the seasonal hydrologic regime where roads were open to travel year-round. However, sediment responses to road–stream connection points varied by metric and site. Together, our results indicated negative relationships between increasing road densities and sediment size distributions, but detecting road effects at site scales will be challenging given the effects of covariates that can overwhelm sediment signals.

Abstract Image

尽管美国西部有 70 万公里未铺设路面的道路,但我们对道路如何影响河内沉积物的认识还不清楚。我们结合了两项研究,包括:(1)一项区域分析,将大规模监测计划中的溪流栖息地数据与道路密度数据联系起来,以确定道路与溪流沉积物分布之间的普遍关系;(2)一项有针对性的实地研究,以评估在道路与溪流连接点上方和下方位置收集的溪流沉积物和悬浮沉积物的反应,从而更好地了解反应的一致性。区域分析表明,道路密度与水池尾部的细小沉积物之间存在显著的正相关关系,而道路密度与颗粒大小中值之间存在显著的负相关关系。我们还发现景观、气候和当地协变量与河床沉积物指标之间存在明显关系,其中大多数协变量的参数估计等于或强于道路密度的参数估计。实地研究表明,在道路全年开放的地方,整个季节性水文系统中的悬浮泥沙含量较高。然而,沉积物对道路-河流连接点的响应因指标和地点而异。总之,我们的研究结果表明,道路密度的增加与沉积物粒径分布之间存在负相关关系,但由于协变量的影响可能会压倒沉积物信号,因此在站点尺度上检测道路效应将具有挑战性。
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来源期刊
Journal of The American Water Resources Association
Journal of The American Water Resources Association 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
100
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: JAWRA seeks to be the preeminent scholarly publication on multidisciplinary water resources issues. JAWRA papers present ideas derived from multiple disciplines woven together to give insight into a critical water issue, or are based primarily upon a single discipline with important applications to other disciplines. Papers often cover the topics of recent AWRA conferences such as riparian ecology, geographic information systems, adaptive management, and water policy. JAWRA authors present work within their disciplinary fields to a broader audience. Our Associate Editors and reviewers reflect this diversity to ensure a knowledgeable and fair review of a broad range of topics. We particularly encourage submissions of papers which impart a ''take home message'' our readers can use.
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