Integrated fluidic actuators for two-way concrete slabs

Abstract

The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) field influences the anthropogenic CO₂ footprint. Concrete is one of the most widely used materials, with cement production alone being responsible for 6–10 % of worldwide anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. To reduce structural mass and related emissions, it is necessary to use materials more efficiently. This can be achieved by means of adaptive structure design in which actuators are an essential component. These actuators must be specifically designed to address the particular requirements of adaptive structures, in order to maximize the reduction of global warming potential (GWP) in comparison to conventional structures. For floor slabs utilizing a specific actuation concept, one key requirement for the actuators is the ability to generate constant moment curves over defined areas. This approach enables local manipulation of the slab's load-bearing behavior while reducing the number of actuators required per slab, resulting in a more efficient and resource-saving design. This contribution presents a new approach for designing actuators that meet the requirements of adaptive two-way slabs. The steps involved in the design process are outlined here, from conceptual considerations to pre-investigations and the creation of the first prototype. The prototype is then investigated in experiments and a specific numerical setup is verified. The designed integrated fluidic actuators enable precise moment generation over defined distances within the slab, directly supporting the desired actuation concept. This enhances structural performance and offers the potential for reduced material usage and associated CO₂ emissions. Overall, experimental and numerical investigation serve to validate the design approaches and concepts.