Metallic magnetic calorimeters based on quantum metrology: Optimal design of thermal coupling system

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2025.105940

Zongzheng Zhou, Yuhe Zhang, Shichun Jin, Lijun Xu, Lijie Hao, Siqin Meng, Hongliang Wang, Qiming Wang, Rui Luo, Baoji Zhu, Yuanqiao Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters (MMC) are low-temperature particle detectors based on calorimetry, typically operating at ultra-low temperatures below 100 mK, and they utilize metallic paramagnetic temperature sensors to convert the temperature rise of the absorber upon absorption of high-energy particles into changes in magnetic flux detected by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Therefore, the design of the MMC heat coupling system is directly related to the signal characteristics and performance of the MMC, making it particularly important for the design of MMC heat coupling systems. This paper, based on the basic principles of MMC signal conversion and the thermal coupling characteristics of components, combines actual conditions and uses the COMSOL heat conduction module to simulate the MMC heat coupling system. Key components of the MMC heat coupling system, including the absorber, thermal bottleneck, paramagnetic sensor, and weak thermal link, have been optimized in terms of parameter design. The optimized design is proposed based on simulation results and practical considerations. Simulation results show that for the detection of the characteristic 5.9 keV gamma rays from ⁵⁵Fe, when the MMC absorber thickness is reduced to 6 μm and the paramagnetic sensor thickness is reduced to 1.5 μm, the signal amplitude of the CMG-I can be increased by more than 100 % at a working temperature of 30 mK without affecting the MMC signal response and ensuring almost 100 % stopping power; by adding four gold posts between the absorber and the paramagnetic sensor as thermal bottlenecks, with a total cross-sectional area of 5.58 % of the absorber area, the process difficulty can be significantly reduced while ensuring complete thermalization of the incident energy within the absorber and essentially eliminating position dependence; the introduction of gold thermalization strip can provide a fully metallic thermal link from the absorber-paramagnetic sensor system to the rear thermal bath, reducing the relaxation time to approximately 4.844 ms, about one-third of the original design, which can significantly increase the count rate without significantly affecting the MMC signal amplitude and reduce the negative impact on energy resolution caused by signal pile-up. The research results have a significant guide for the design of MMC heat coupling systems.

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来源期刊

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

11.80%

发文量

812

审稿时长

76 days

期刊介绍： Case Studies in Thermal Engineering provides a forum for the rapid publication of short, structured Case Studies in Thermal Engineering and related Short Communications. It provides an essential compendium of case studies for researchers and practitioners in the field of thermal engineering and others who are interested in aspects of thermal engineering cases that could affect other engineering processes. The journal not only publishes new and novel case studies, but also provides a forum for the publication of high quality descriptions of classic thermal engineering problems. The scope of the journal includes case studies of thermal engineering problems in components, devices and systems using existing experimental and numerical techniques in the areas of mechanical, aerospace, chemical, medical, thermal management for electronics, heat exchangers, regeneration, solar thermal energy, thermal storage, building energy conservation, and power generation. Case studies of thermal problems in other areas will also be considered.