An electric vehicle battery and management techniques: comprehensive review of important obstacles, new advancements, and recommendations

Abstract

The challenges that electric vehicles (EVs) must overcome today include the high cost of batteries, poor specific energy, and ineffectiveness in estimating the state of batteries using traditional methods. This article reviews (i) current research trends in EV technology according to the Web of Science database, (ii) current states of battery technology in EVs, (iii) advancements in battery technology, (iv) safety concerns with high-energy batteries and their environmental impacts, (v) modern algorithms to evaluate battery state, (vi) wireless charging technology and its practical limitations, (vii) key barriers to battery technology, and (viii) conclusions and recommendations are also provided. This paper examines energy-storage technologies for EVs, including lithium-ion, solid-state, and lithium-air batteries, fuel cells, and ultracapacitors. The core characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and safety concerns associated with these batteries are discussed. Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based approaches are described to assess the battery state in real-time. Furthermore, for enhanced electric mobility, wireless power transfer charging techniques are discussed. Finally, recent advancements and potential outcomes for future EV technologies are outlined.