Demographic and Social Characteristics of Internationally Educated Nurses in Sweden: Descriptive Statistical Study Comparisons Between Two Different Pathways for Recertification.
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Abstract
Background: Nurse migration impacts global healthcare, which has a shortage of nurses, as many nurses move from lower-income to higher-income countries for better opportunities, working conditions, and salaries. Internationally educated nurses (IENs) have often been seen as a crucial solution to this issue. However, policies and regulations have been set in place to protect the public, including the recertification process and training to ensure educational comparability and competence. IENs' contributions to the nursing workforce are significant, underscoring the importance of these policies and regulations.
Aim: The aim was to describe the demographic and social characteristics of IENs who had completed recertification for nurses' licenses in Sweden and to compare these characteristics among those who completed recertification through the National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW) or bridging programs.
Methods: A cross-sectional design using a survey and 818 questionnaires was sent to IENs with an identified postal address who had undergone the recertification process in Sweden. Of them, 296 (38%) were completed. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Fischer's exact tests, and independent sample t-tests.
Results: Most IENs who had participated in a bridging program were women, commonly aged between 31 and 40 years of age who had immigrated mainly from Asian or Middle Eastern countries for family-related reasons. The average time to obtain a nursing license was 5.9 years, starting from the year they immigrated until recertification. IENs who received recertification by the NBHW were significantly younger (p < .001), had been in Sweden for a shorter time (p < .001), and the time to license was shorter (p < .001). Significant differences were also shown for origin (p < .001) and reason for immigration (p < .001).
Conclusions: The findings can be used by decision-makers and authorities when developing higher education strategies for legalization and immigration policy to contribute to IENs' career advancement opportunities.
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