Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Versus Hydroalcoholic Extract of Mangifera indica Linn Leaves in Different Concentrations Against Streptococcus Mutans - An In Vitro Study.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn (mango) plant leaves on Streptococcus Mutans in comparison with the positive control (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and negative control (alcohol 96%).

Settings and design: Ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn leaves were obtained by following the extraction procedure. A disc diffusion test was carried out for each group on Streptococcus Mutans .

Materials and methods: In brain heart infusion agar, Mangifera indica ethanol extract (MEE) and Mangifera indica hydroalcoholic extract (MHE) at 100% and 25% were applied to S. mutans cultures in comparison to the positive (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and negative (alcohol 96%) control groups. For every study group, cultures were produced using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, and incubating the cultures at 37°C for 24 hours.

Statistical analysis used: The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc test.

Result: It was found that the MHE 100% and 25% had a higher antibacterial activity of 27.8 ± 1.7 mm and 21.8 ± 1.0mm at 75 µg/ml, respectively compared to other groups. Extracts were found to have statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus Mutans .

Conclusion: All the six groups used in the present study showed antibacterial efficacy and were effective against Streptococcus Mutans . Chlorhexidine continues to remain the gold standard. In comparison with control groups and extracts, MHE 100% showed a maximum zone of inhibition (27.8 ± 1.7 mm at 75 µg/ml) followed by other groups with statistically significant differences. Hence the herbal alternatives proved to be an effective and safe alternative and can be used as conventional modes of treatment.