Extrinsic and intrinsic control of striatal cholinergic interneuron activity.

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-02-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1528419

Desh Deepak Ratna, Tanner Chase Francis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The striatum is an integrated component of the basal ganglia responsible for associative learning and response. Besides the presence of the most abundant γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA-ergic) medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the striatum also contains distributed populations of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs), which bidirectionally communicate with many of these neuronal subtypes. Despite their sparse distribution, ChIs provide the largest source of acetylcholine (ACh) to striatal cells, have a prominent level of arborization and activity, and are potent modulators of striatal output and play prominent roles in plasticity underlying associative learning and reinforcement. Deviations from this tonic activity, including phasic bursts or pauses caused by region-selective excitatory input, neuromodulator, or neuropeptide release can exert strong influences on intrinsic activity and synaptic plasticity via diverse receptor signaling. Recent studies and new tools have allowed improved identification of factors driving or suppressing cholinergic activity, including peptides. This review aims to outline our current understanding of factors that control tonic and phasic ChI activity, specifically focusing on how neuromodulators and neuropeptides interact to facilitate or suppress phasic ChI responses underlying learning and plasticity.

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纹状体胆碱能中间神经元活动的外在和内在控制。

纹状体是负责联想学习和反应的基底神经节的一个组成部分。除了存在最丰富的γ-氨基丁酸（gaba -能）中棘神经元（msn）外，纹状体还含有分布的胆碱能中间神经元（ChIs），它们与许多这些神经元亚型双向交流。尽管分布稀疏，但ChIs为纹状体细胞提供了最大的乙酰胆碱（ACh）来源，具有显著的树突化和活性，是纹状体输出的有效调节剂，在联想学习和强化的可塑性中发挥着重要作用。这种强直性活动的偏离，包括由区域选择性兴奋性输入、神经调节剂或神经肽释放引起的相爆发或暂停，可以通过多种受体信号对内在活动和突触可塑性产生强烈影响。最近的研究和新工具已经允许改进识别驱动或抑制胆碱能活性的因素，包括肽。这篇综述旨在概述我们目前对控制强直和相位ChI活性的因素的理解，特别关注神经调节剂和神经肽如何相互作用以促进或抑制学习和可塑性基础上的相位ChI反应。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience NEUROSCIENCES-

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

2.10%

发文量

669

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience is a first-tier electronic journal devoted to identifying key molecules, as well as their functions and interactions, that underlie the structure, design and function of the brain across all levels. The scope of our journal encompasses synaptic and cellular proteins, coding and non-coding RNA, and molecular mechanisms regulating cellular and dendritic RNA translation. In recent years, a plethora of new cellular and synaptic players have been identified from reduced systems, such as neuronal cultures, but the relevance of these molecules in terms of cellular and synaptic function and plasticity in the living brain and its circuits has not been validated. The effects of spine growth and density observed using gene products identified from in vitro work are frequently not reproduced in vivo. Our journal is particularly interested in studies on genetically engineered model organisms (C. elegans, Drosophila, mouse), in which alterations in key molecules underlying cellular and synaptic function and plasticity produce defined anatomical, physiological and behavioral changes. In the mouse, genetic alterations limited to particular neural circuits (olfactory bulb, motor cortex, cortical layers, hippocampal subfields, cerebellum), preferably regulated in time and on demand, are of special interest, as they sidestep potential compensatory developmental effects.