Chemical and antioxidant profiles of aerial parts and leaf morpho-anatomy of thirteen selected genotypes of Salimenaea integrifolia (Verbenaceae).

Abstract

Salimenaea integrifolia (Incayuyo) is a native aromatic and medicinal plant of Argentina, traditionally used for digestive ailments. This study assesses the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the leaves, phenolic and flavonoid content, essential oil composition, and antioxidant activity of aerial parts from 13 genotypes obtained through free pollination of wild genotypes and cultivated under controlled conditions. Morphological variations were observed in leaf size and glandular trichome density. Essential oil analysis categorized genotypes into three clusters based on terpenoid profiles. Despite variations in extract yield (1979-3185 mg/g db), phenolic (304-393 mg EGA/g db) and flavonoid (34-53 mg EQ/g db) levels, as well as antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), remained consistent across genotypes. Free pollination influenced agronomic and chemical traits without compromising key functional properties, suggesting its potential for cultivar development. This study highlights the feasibility of optimizing S. integrifolia genotypes for medicinal and aromatic applications while ensuring a stable bioactive profile.