Case Series: Magnitude and duration of fentanyl and xylazine detection in the urine of persons with opioid use disorder.

IF 2.5 4区医学 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

American Journal on Addictions Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI:10.1111/ajad.70015

Helen E Bird, William A Clarke, Craig W Hendrix, Kelly E Dunn, Andrew S Huhn

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background/objectives: The pharmacology of fentanyl and xylazine is not characterized in persons regularly exposed to illicit fentanyl. This case series presents individual-level urine pharmacokinetics of fentanyl, norfentanyl, and xylazine in persons with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods: Participants (N = 11) provided urine samples (n = 95) for quantitative analysis. Terminal half-lives and predicted detection times were calculated.

Results: Urinary half-life ranges were: fentanyl 1.5-28.7 h, norfentanyl 5.2-27.4 h, and xylazine 1.1-25.2 h. Predicted detection window ranges were: fentanyl 13.0-130.9 h (0.5-5.5 days), norfentanyl 64.8-255.9 h (2.7-10.7 days), and xylazine 13.8-123.4 h (0.6-5.1 days).

Discussion/conclusions: Persons are presenting with a high magnitude of drug exposure that lends to an extended duration of urinary detection.

Significance: First characterization of urinary excretion in persons with OUD.

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来源期刊

American Journal on Addictions SUBSTANCE ABUSE-

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： The American Journal on Addictions is the official journal of the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. The Academy encourages research on the etiology, prevention, identification, and treatment of substance abuse; thus, the journal provides a forum for the dissemination of information in the extensive field of addiction. Each issue of this publication covers a wide variety of topics ranging from codependence to genetics, epidemiology to dual diagnostics, etiology to neuroscience, and much more. Features of the journal, all written by experts in the field, include special overview articles, clinical or basic research papers, clinical updates, and book reviews within the area of addictions.