3D Ordered Li Anode Architectures towards Suppressing Li Dendrites: A Review

Abstract

The fast-growing requirements for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have prompted the research and development of Li-metal batteries (LMBs) because Li metal has a high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mA h g^–1 and a low redox potential (−3.04 v.s. standard hydrogen electrode, SHE). However, the dendrite formation of Li metal during Li plating and stripping has exerted an enormous impedance in its commercial application. Consequently, it is imperative to exploit effective strategies to eliminate the existing issues. Three-dimensional (3D) ordered Li anode architectures with large surface area and void space, which are capable of lowering the surface current density and affording confined space to accommodate Li plating, consequently suppressing Li dendrite formation and ameliorating undesirable volume changes. More importantly, its well-aligned micro-channels can provide fast pathways for Li ion transport and promote uniform Li plating. Therefore, fabricating 3D ordered architectures is expected to remarkably boost the electrochemical stability and performance of Li anode during cycling. Herein, the important researches on the design of 3D ordered Li anode architectures for LIBs, including flexible anode, are summarized in detail. Emphasis is laid on illuminating the mechanism and the correlation between the 3D-ordered Li microstructures and the electrochemical performance of the LMBs. Furthermore, challenges and forthcoming opportunities in this promising research field are explicitly indicated. It is anticipated that this review could afford a beneficial reference to initiate further innovation in research and development of practical 3D Li anode for high-energy and safe LMBs.