Spontaneous perceptual alternations and higher-order cognitive processes: an exploratory study.

Abstract

The occurrence of spontaneous switches between different interpretations of unchanging, ambiguous stimuli reflects the dynamic nature of unconscious perceptual processing. These perceptual alternations are explained by reciprocal inhibition, where one perception is suppressed while another emerges. The temporal patterns of these shifts vary between people but remain consistent within individuals, potentially reflecting underlying neural and psychological factors. Cognitive flexibility, the ability to switch tasks by inhibiting irrelevant information, may be related to perceptual flexibility. The present study (n = 48) explored the relationship between perceptual dynamics in the Necker Cube and higher-order cognitive processes. Switching rates and perspective durations were correlated with performance on computerized tasks (Stroop Test, Simon Task, and Task Switching Tests) and self-reported scales (Cognitive Flexibility Test, Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire). Results revealed correlations between perceptual dynamics, reaction times, and Cognitive Impulsiveness, suggesting links between perceptual alternation, cognitive processes, and personality traits. Future research should investigate the common mechanisms underlying these processes and investigate causality and temporal dynamics.