Steatotic Liver Disease Prevalence in China: A Population-Based Study and Meta-Analysis of 17.4 Million Individuals.

Abstract

Background: Steatotic liver disease (SLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD (MASLD), has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease in China.

Aims: We aimed to provide a comprehensive and updated description of SLD prevalence in China.

Methods: We described the prevalence, subgroup distribution, and clinical characteristics of SLD in the Taizhou Study of Liver Diseases (T-SOLID). Additionally, we searched for studies reporting SLD prevalence in five databases. Eligible data were analysed using a generalised linear mixed model. Linear regression was applied to estimate the annual average percentage change (AAPC).

Results: Of the 28,623 participants in T-SOLID, 30.8% were diagnosed with SLD, among which 83.8% were classified as MASLD. Prevalence of SLD increased from 22.1% in 2018 to 36.7% in 2021. The meta-analysis included 792 publications and 17,404,296 subjects. Nationwide, the pooled SLD prevalence rose from 23.8% (95% CI 21.9%-25.9%) during 2001-2010 to 27.9% (26.0%-29.8%) during 2016-2023 in the general population (AAPC = 2.56, p < 0.0001), equating to approximately 402.0 million cases. An increase in SLD prevalence was observed in subpopulations by region, sex, and age, and in high-risk groups. Northeast China had the highest prevalence (35.0%). Males had a higher prevalence rate than females (35.0% vs. 20.6%). SLD prevalence increased with age, ranging from 8.1% in children and adolescents to 31.8% in the elderly. Meta-regression identified calendar period, age, sex, geographical area, and residence area as significant determinants of SLD prevalence.

Conclusion: The ubiquitously rising prevalence of SLD in Chinese populations underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions.