Design and AC Loss Study of a High-Temperature Superconducting CS Model Magnet for Fusion Applications

IF 1.6 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, APPLIED
Wenqing Yi, Qianjun Zhang, Yuansheng Zhao, Kunpeng Zhu, Yeming Wang, Zhuyong Li
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Abstract

In an effort to thoroughly investigate the manufacturing processes of central solenoid (CS) magnets for Tokamak devices, this study has designed and constructed a CS model magnet. The magnet is wound with a double-tape soldered conductor (DTC) and stainless steel tape, consisting of two double-pancake (DP) coils with 30 × 2 turns each. By optimizing the winding, joint, and insulation techniques, the magnet achieved a critical current of 269 A at 77 K. The inductance of the magnet is 9.4 mH. When the magnet is applied to a direct current (DC) with an amplitude of 200 A, the central magnetic field is 0.07 T. Given that alternating current (AC) loss is a significant issue in the design of CS magnets, leading to higher cooling costs, increased operational risks, and possible irreversible damage to superconducting devices, this paper primarily focuses on studying AC loss in the designed CS model magnet. Simulations were performed using the H-formulation, J-formulation, and T-A formulation models, and the AC loss of the magnet was experimentally measured using the electrical method. The experimental results revealed that the AC loss for the CS model magnet was 5.1 J. Among the simulation models, the H-formulation model provided results closest to the actual values, with a significant increase in computational efficiency achieved by employing a homogenized method. This paper conducts a detailed comparative analysis of the characteristics and applicability of these three simulation models and investigates the effects of the AC cycle, current amplitude, and charging rate on AC loss through experimental studies. Ultimately, we designed and applied a current to the CS model magnet that matched the charging rate in the CS magnet within the tokamak device and found that the AC loss was the greatest during the plasma breakdown process.

Abstract Image

用于核聚变的高温超导CS模型磁体的设计和交流损耗研究
为了深入研究托卡马克装置用中央螺线管(CS)磁体的制造工艺,本研究设计并构建了一个CS模型磁体。该磁体采用双带焊接导体(DTC)和不锈钢带缠绕,由两个各30 × 2匝的双煎饼(DP)线圈组成。通过优化绕组、接头和绝缘技术,磁体在77 K时达到了269 a的临界电流。磁体的电感为9.4 mH,当磁体施加于幅值为200a的直流时,中心磁场为0.07 t。鉴于交流损耗是CS磁体设计中的一个重要问题,会导致冷却成本较高,操作风险增加,并可能对超导器件造成不可逆的损坏,因此本文主要研究设计的CS模型磁体中的交流损耗。采用h -公式、j -公式和T-A公式模型进行了仿真,并采用电学方法实验测量了磁体的交流损耗。实验结果表明,CS模型磁体的交流损耗为5.1 J.在仿真模型中,h公式模型的计算结果与实际值最接近,采用均质化方法计算效率显著提高。本文对这三种仿真模型的特点和适用性进行了详细的对比分析,并通过实验研究探讨了交流周期、电流幅值和充电速率对交流损耗的影响。最后,我们设计并施加了与托卡马克装置内CS磁体充电速率相匹配的CS模型磁体电流,发现等离子体击穿过程中交流损耗最大。
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来源期刊
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 物理-物理:凝聚态物理
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
11.10%
发文量
342
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism serves as the international forum for the most current research and ideas in these fields. This highly acclaimed journal publishes peer-reviewed original papers, conference proceedings and invited review articles that examine all aspects of the science and technology of superconductivity, including new materials, new mechanisms, basic and technological properties, new phenomena, and small- and large-scale applications. Novel magnetism, which is expanding rapidly, is also featured in the journal. The journal focuses on such areas as spintronics, magnetic semiconductors, properties of magnetic multilayers, magnetoresistive materials and structures, magnetic oxides, etc. Novel superconducting and magnetic materials are complex compounds, and the journal publishes articles related to all aspects their study, such as sample preparation, spectroscopy and transport properties as well as various applications.
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