Crime-associated inequality in geographical access to education: Insights from the municipality of Rio de Janeiro

IF 6 1区经济学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Cities Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2025.105818

Steffen Knoblauch , Ram Kumar Muthusamy , Maya Moritz , Yuhao Kang , Hao Li , Sven Lautenbach , Rafael H.M. Pereira , Filip Biljecki , Marta C. Gonzalez , Rogerio Barbosa , Daniel Veloso Hirata , Christina Ludwig , Maciej Adamiak , Antônio A. de A. Rocha , Alexander Zipf

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Education is a fundamental right, supported by initiatives like Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite progress, full educational access remains challenging, particularly in highly criminal areas.

This paper examines the impact of crime on school access in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Using ancillary data and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), we downscaled official police crime records to street level. By considering different levels of crime tolerance in school path choices, we simulated how crime can force students to walk longer distances to avoid violence.

Our findings indicate a 48.60 % average increase in travel time to the closest school for students whose shortest routes intersect with high-crime areas. This adjustment reduces mean crime exposure by 44.10 % and maximum exposure by 81.94 %. Both individual crime risk aversion and no-go areas of criminal disputes significantly (p

\leq

0.05) impacted educational access. Estimating street-level crime exposure was challenging due to spatial bias in official and crowdsourced crime reporting.

These methods and insights are crucial for improving educational access in high-crime areas, providing a better understanding of barriers to equitable education, and being applicable to other cities and accessibility studies for various societal needs.

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来源期刊

Cities URBAN STUDIES-

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

9.00%

发文量

517

期刊介绍： Cities offers a comprehensive range of articles on all aspects of urban policy. It provides an international and interdisciplinary platform for the exchange of ideas and information between urban planners and policy makers from national and local government, non-government organizations, academia and consultancy. The primary aims of the journal are to analyse and assess past and present urban development and management as a reflection of effective, ineffective and non-existent planning policies; and the promotion of the implementation of appropriate urban policies in both the developed and the developing world.