Dietary indices to measure diet quality in older cancer survivors: A scoping review on tools, their components and association with health outcomes

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2025.105797

Andrea Boehmer , Christina Syu Hong Thio , Juliana Christina , Michelle Miller , Alex Fauer , Elsa Dent , Wendy Wing Tak Lam , Danielle Wing Lam Ng , Raymond Javan Chan , Chad Yixian Han

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Older cancer survivors live with more comorbidities and have a higher mortality rate compared to the general older population. A high-quality diet that adheres to evidence based dietary recommendations and guidelines may help mitigate these issues. This can be assessed using dietary quality indices (DQIs), which objectively summarize scores for selected dietary components.

Objective

Identify the DQIs available in the literature for older cancer survivors, and their associations with health outcomes.

Method

Five databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed articles in English, from inception to 12th November 2024. Two researchers independently screened 3,145 studies, extracted and qualitatively assessed data from 28 included reports from 16 studies.

Results

12 DQIs and 40 unique components within these indices were identified and summarised narratively. Total vegetables (n = 8), total fruits (n = 8), whole grains (n = 6), saturated fat (n = 8), and salt/sodium (n = 8) were the most frequently incorporated components within a DQI. All DQIs were derived from evidence-based dietary guidelines. Only three DQIs were specifically designed for oncology population. Higher diet quality was associated with higher HR-QoL in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors in all but one study. The associations between mortality and diet quality were inconsistent, depending on the type of cancer and the mortality type i.e., cancer-specific or other causes.

Conclusions

DQIs are associated with important health outcomes. A major knowledge gap exists in DQIs suitable for older cancer survivors. Future research should develop DQIs to better assess how high-quality diets enhance health outcomes in older cancer survivors.

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衡量老年癌症幸存者饮食质量的饮食指数：对工具、组成及其与健康结果的关联的范围审查

背景：与一般老年人群相比，老年癌症幸存者有更多的合并症和更高的死亡率。遵循循证饮食建议和指南的高质量饮食可能有助于缓解这些问题。这可以用膳食质量指数（dqi）来评估，它客观地总结了所选膳食成分的得分。目的：确定文献中适用于老年癌症幸存者的dqi及其与健康结果的关系。方法检索5个数据库，检索自成立至2024年11月12日的同行评议的英文文章。两名研究人员独立筛选了3145项研究，从16项研究的28份报告中提取并定性评估了数据。结果对12个dqi指标和40个独特成分进行了定性总结。总蔬菜（n = 8）、总水果（n = 8）、全谷物（n = 6）、饱和脂肪（n = 8）和盐/钠（n = 8）是DQI中最常见的成分。所有dqi均来自循证膳食指南。只有三个dqi是专门为肿瘤学人群设计的。在除一项研究外的所有研究中，较高的饮食质量与乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结直肠癌幸存者较高的HR-QoL相关。死亡率和饮食质量之间的联系是不一致的，这取决于癌症的类型和死亡类型，即癌症特异性或其他原因。结论sdqis与重要的健康结局相关。适用于老年癌症幸存者的dqi存在一个主要的知识缺口。未来的研究应该开发dqi，以更好地评估高质量饮食如何提高老年癌症幸存者的健康状况。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.00%

发文量

198

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics provides a medium for the publication of papers from the fields of experimental gerontology and clinical and social geriatrics. The principal aim of the journal is to facilitate the exchange of information between specialists in these three fields of gerontological research. Experimental papers dealing with the basic mechanisms of aging at molecular, cellular, tissue or organ levels will be published. Clinical papers will be accepted if they provide sufficiently new information or are of fundamental importance for the knowledge of human aging. Purely descriptive clinical papers will be accepted only if the results permit further interpretation. Papers dealing with anti-aging pharmacological preparations in humans are welcome. Papers on the social aspects of geriatrics will be accepted if they are of general interest regarding the epidemiology of aging and the efficiency and working methods of the social organizations for the health care of the elderly.