Lattice Boltzmann flux solver for immiscible three-phase fluids boiling with large density ratio and spontaneous nucleation

Abstract

In this study, we propose a three-phase boiling lattice Boltzmann flux solver (TB-LBFS) based on phase field theory. The TB-LBFS is capable of achieving spontaneous nucleation in nucleate boiling and handling multiphase flow calculations with large density ratios, such as 1:1000. The source terms in the control equations of TB-LBFS can be freely added and solved, offering high flexibility for secondary development. Additionally, TB-LBFS addresses the limitation of previous phase field boiling models that could not achieve spontaneous nucleation. The model's excellent capability in simulating three-phase flow phase transitions has been tested through multiple classic 2D and 3D cases, including 2D composite droplet evaporation, the 2D Leidenfrost phenomenon, and 3D nucleate boiling in both two-phase and three-phase systems.