Performance evaluation of a solar dish system with hybrid nanofluid cooling and sustainable thermoelectric power generation: Incorporating experimental property data

Abstract

This research presents a sustainable approach by integrating thermoelectric modules with solar dish systems to boost energy efficiency. The study investigates the incorporation of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) into a solar dish system, employing thin-film TEGs made from eco-friendly materials, specifically CTS (Cu₂SnS₃) for the p-type and CAFS (Cu_0.85Ag_0.15FeS₂) for the n-type legs. Soda Lime Glass (SLG) and polyimide are used as substrates. A thermal resistance model is developed, and energy balance principles guide the derivation of equations to determine temperatures at the TEG's hot and cold sides, alongside the electrical current. Simulations were validated against experimental data, demonstrating good accuracy. The TEG geometry is optimized by adjusting leg widths, showing that the best dimensions for maximum power are 3 mm for the p-type leg, 4 mm for the n-type, and 1 mm for substrate gaps. To further boost voltage, multiple TEGs are connected in series at the solar dish's focal point. Cooling on the cold side is enhanced by a hybrid nanofluid channel (water mixed with Fe₃O₄-SiO₂ nanoparticles). Results showed notable performance improvements, with solar irradiation increasing maximum power (P_max) by 3.23 %. Additionally, increasing the hybrid nanofluid fraction (ϕ) with SLG substrates elevated P_max by 1.95 %, while using polyimide instead of SLG under optimal conditions increased P_max by 25.28 %. This study highlights the potential for integrating thermoelectric modules in solar dish systems to enhance efficiency and sustainability. The combination of eco-friendly materials and advanced cooling methods, like hybrid nanofluids, not only improves energy generation but also helps reduce environmental issues. These advancements support renewable energy technologies and contribute to process safety by minimizing dependence on non-renewable sources and utilizing innovative cooling techniques.