Especialización de enfermería en cuidados intensivos: una revisión de alcance

IF 1.1 Q3 NURSING

Enfermeria Intensiva Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI:10.1016/j.enfi.2025.500529

Cristina Pérez-Talavera RN, MSc

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

Nursing in Intensive Care Units (ICU) presents an additional difficulty due to the highly complex nature of the patients. This implies a demand for training, skills, and management from the nurses attending to this type of patient, which is not currently guaranteed due to the lack of mandatory prior training. Despite the importance of such education and training, there is currently no existing regulation or national or international consensus regarding its mandatory requirement for performing professional activities in ICUs.

Objectives

The main research question posed is to identify the existing recommendations on specialized nursing care in adult intensive care.

Methodology

A scoping review was conducted using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, CUIDEN, and SciELO. The review included studies in both Spanish and English with varied designs on the topic of study. The quality of the articles was analyzed, achieving moderate to high levels of compliance with quality guidelines.

Results

A sample of N = 25 was selected, divided according to the primary theme of the articles: 40% (n = 10) on the implementation of training programs in ICUs, 24% (n = 6) on nursing competencies, 16% (n = 4) on the needs identified by ICU staff themselves, and 20% (n = 5) on the clinical specialty of ICU nursing.

Conclusions

The findings indicate an improvement in both patient outcomes and the functioning of ICUs following appropriate training of nursing staff. A model for an Intensive Care Nursing Specialty in Spain is proposed as a viable option to develop the necessary specific training.

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重症监护护理专门化：范围审查

由于患者的高度复杂性，重症监护病房（ICU）的护理面临着额外的困难。这意味着护理这类患者的护士对培训、技能和管理的需求，由于缺乏强制性的事先培训，目前无法保证这一点。尽管这种教育和培训很重要，但目前没有关于在icu进行专业活动的强制性要求的现有法规或国家或国际共识。目的提出的主要研究问题是确定现有的成人重症监护专科护理建议。方法使用PubMed、CINAHL、MEDLINE、COCHRANE、CUIDEN和SciELO数据库进行范围审查。该综述包括西班牙语和英语的研究，研究主题有不同的设计。对文章的质量进行了分析，达到了中等到高水平的质量准则的符合性。结果选取样本25篇，按文章主题划分：40% （N = 10）关于ICU培训计划实施，24% （N = 6）关于护理能力，16% （N = 4）关于ICU工作人员自身确定的需求，20% （N = 5）关于ICU护理临床专业。结论对护理人员进行适当培训后，患者预后和icu功能均有改善。提出了西班牙重症护理专业的模式，作为发展必要的具体培训的可行选择。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Enfermeria Intensiva NURSING-

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

23.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Enfermería Intensiva es el medio de comunicación por antonomasia para todos los profesionales de enfermería españoles que desarrollan su actividad profesional en las unidades de cuidados intensivos o en cualquier otro lugar donde se atiende al paciente crítico. Enfermería Intensiva publica cuatro números al año, cuyos temas son específicos para la enfermería de cuidados intensivos. Es la única publicación en español con carácter nacional y está indexada en prestigiosas bases de datos como International Nursing Index, MEDLINE, Índice de Enfermería, Cuiden, Índice Médico Español, Toxline, etc.