Review on the synthesis, construction and photocatalytic applications of double-ligand MOFs

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention in photocatalysis due to their large surface area, ordered structure, tunable composition, and light absorption properties. Recent developments in double-ligand MOFs offer promising solutions to resource scarcity and environmental degradation. This review analyzes the synthetic methods and structural design principles for these MOFs, summarizing various synthesis techniques, construction strategies, and photocatalytic examples. Photocatalytic studies show that introducing a second ligand enhances material stability, extends visible light absorption, and improves efficiency. This has led to further discussion about their mechanisms. We suggest that dual-channel charge transfer from double-ligand photoexcitation improves electron migration, while spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs prolongs carrier lifetimes. Simple synthesis methods, such as one-pot hydrothermal synthesis, have shown great potential for developing photocatalytically efficient double-ligand MOFs. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on double-ligand MOFs, emphasizing their superior structures and efficiencies, while also raising challenges such as optimal ligand ratios, stability under harsh conditions, and the role of sacrificial agents in photocatalytic reactions.