Comparison of CIC and HR GFMAS for the measurements of extractable organofluorines (EOF) in different biological tissues of pilot whales

IF 5.7 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analytica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2025.343855

Amnah Al Zbedy, Rudolf Aro, Abdullah Akhdhar, Viktoria Müller, Rainer Ebel, Andrew Brownlow, Gareth J. Norton, Leo W.Y. Yeung, Joerg Feldmann

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

In most water and biological samples, the sum of target or even non-target PFAS makes up only a small fraction of the extractable organofluorine (EOF). The methods used for EOF analysis in the methanol are combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and recently high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR GFMAS). Water samples show a bias towards higher concentrations measured with HR GFMAS than that of CIC. Whether the bias depends on the type of PFAS or on the sample matrix has not been known. Here we study the PFAS compound and the matrix effect using HR GFMAS and compare these with the CIC results.

Results

Calibration of the HR GFMAS with fluoride exhibit significant higher response than using PFOA indicating a compound specific effect. PFOA calibration gave in the average quantitative recoveries for different type of PFAS in methanol, although neutral PFAS (FTOH) show lower recoveries than PFCA using HR GFMAS. Spiked PFOA in brain and liver tissue samples resulted in quantitative recoveries (101%) using HR GFMAS. 44 liver, kidney, blubber and brain samples from stranded pilot whales were analyzed by HR GFMAS and compared to the EOF concentrations analyzed by CIC. All EOF results were above the LOD of both methods; 27 and 916 mg/kg (CIC) and between 77 and 3130 mg/kg (HR GFMAS). In general HR GFMAS gave significantly higher results for all tissues than CIC (p>0.05). Correlations between the EOF of all tissues showed a tissue dependant behaviour.

Significance

Since PFOA recovery was in brain and liver quantitative, the results indicate that PFAS type influence the performance using HR GFMAS. Overall, we found the concentrations in the different tissues to be comparable with the two methods within one order of magnitude. This highlights the fact that more work is needed to identify the matrix effects and fluorine species dependant responses of both methods.

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来源期刊

Analytica Chimica Acta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

10.40

自引率

6.50%

发文量

1081

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Analytica Chimica Acta has an open access mirror journal Analytica Chimica Acta: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. Analytica Chimica Acta provides a forum for the rapid publication of original research, and critical, comprehensive reviews dealing with all aspects of fundamental and applied modern analytical chemistry. The journal welcomes the submission of research papers which report studies concerning the development of new and significant analytical methodologies. In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny will be placed on the degree of novelty and impact of the research and the extent to which it adds to the existing body of knowledge in analytical chemistry.