First Report of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Outbreak in the West Bank, Palestine: Molecular Characterization of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16).

IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Kamal Dumaidi, Amer Al-Jawabreh, Areej Zraiqi, Athar Fashafsha, Ahmad Dumaidi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a mild self-limited childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses (EVs). Aim: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of EVs associated with HFMD and their clinical presentation during the HFMD outbreak that occurred in the Jenin district, Palestine, from May to August 2024. Materials and Methods: Forty-four (44) throat and vesicular swabs were tested for enteroviral infections using two RT-PCR assays targeting both the 5'NTR and the VP1-2A regions of the enteroviral genome for the diagnosis and genotyping. Patients' demographic data and clinical history were used to create an epidemiological curve. EpiInfo free software was used to draw a cluster mapping. MEGA-X was used to construct a maximum likelihood (ML) tree. PopArt 1.7 software was used to construct neighbor-joining network. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 2.08 (0.25-12 years) with 95% (42/44) under five years old. The male/female ratio was 0.9. All cases presented with typical HFMD signs and symptoms with variable sites of signs. Of the 44 samples, 36 yield positive RT-PCR targeting the 5'NTR. Seven randomly selected positive RT-PCR-5'NTR samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing for genotyping. It was shown that all were CV-A16 sub-genogroup B1c. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1-2A region sequences showed that all Palestinian CV-A16 isolates form a pure haplogroup of CV-A16 sub-genotype B1c. Furthermore, although haplotype network analysis showed high variation between the viral sequences, the haplotype analysis supported the ML phylogenetic tree in having them all in one haplogroup. Conclusion: CV-A16, sub-genotype B1c was the virus responsible for the HFMD outbreak in the Jenin district of Palestine in the summer of 2024. Phylogenetic and haplotype analysis showed that CV-A16 strains cluster closely with each other and very close to an Indian isolate (OR437338.1), indicating the monomorphic nature of this strain with low genetic variation and the probability of virus importation.

巴勒斯坦西岸手足口病暴发的首次报告:柯萨奇病毒A16 (CV-A16)的分子特征
手足口病(手足口病)是由多种肠道病毒(ev)引起的一种轻度自限性儿童传染病。目的:探讨2024年5 - 8月在巴勒斯坦杰宁地区发生的手足口病暴发中与手足口病相关的ev分子流行病学及其临床表现。材料和方法:采用针对肠道病毒基因组5'NTR和VP1-2A区域的两种RT-PCR方法检测44(44)份咽喉和水泡拭子的肠道病毒感染,进行诊断和基因分型。利用患者的人口统计资料和临床病史绘制流行病学曲线。使用EpiInfo免费软件绘制聚类图。使用MEGA-X构建最大似然树。采用PopArt 1.7软件构建邻居连接网络。结果:研究样本的平均年龄为2.08岁(0.25-12岁),其中95%(42/44)的患者年龄在5岁以下。男女比例为0.9。所有病例均有典型的手足口病体征和不同部位的症状。在44份样本中,有36份针对5'NTR的RT-PCR阳性。随机选取7份RT-PCR-5'NTR阳性样本,采用Sanger测序进行基因分型。结果均为CV-A16亚基因组B1c。VP1-2A区序列的系统发育分析表明,所有巴勒斯坦CV-A16分离株形成一个纯的CV-A16亚基因型B1c单倍群。此外,尽管单倍型网络分析显示病毒序列之间存在很大差异,但单倍型分析支持ML系统发育树将它们全部位于一个单倍群中。结论:CV-A16,亚基因型B1c是导致2024年夏季巴勒斯坦杰宁地区手足口病暴发的病毒。系统发育和单倍型分析表明,CV-A16毒株相互紧密聚集,与印度分离株OR437338.1非常接近,表明该毒株具有单形态性,遗传变异低,病毒输入的可能性大。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
108
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to infectious diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin. The journal welcomes articles describing research on pathogenesis, epidemiology of infection, diagnosis and treatment, antibiotics and resistance, and immunology.
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