Vaccines in Dermatology-Present and Future: A Review.

Abstract

Dermatological vaccines have emerged as critical tools in preventing and managing a wide spectrum of skin conditions ranging from infectious diseases to malignancies. By synthesizing evidence from existing literature, this review aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of vaccines used in dermatology, including both approved vaccines and those currently being researched. Vaccines discussed in this paper include those targeting dermatoses and malignancies (e.g., acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and melanoma); infectious diseases (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV); varicella zoster virus (VZV); herpes zoster (HZ); warts; smallpox; mpox (monkeypox); hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD); candidiasis and Group B Streptococcus (GBS); and neglected tropical diseases (e.g., Buruli ulcer, leprosy, and leishmaniasis). Through this review, we aim to provide a detailed understanding of the role of vaccines in dermatology, identify knowledge gaps, and propose areas for future research.