The Impact of Termiticides on Termite Corpse Management.

Abstract

Soil treatments and baits are two primary chemical control strategies for subterranean termites. Baiting is targeted and eco-friendly but requires ongoing maintenance, while soil treatments provide immediate, long-lasting protection with potential environmental concerns. Previously, we found that termites differentially manage deceased individuals based on their postmortem chemical signatures, potentially circumventing chemical controls. Given the distinct differences in the synthetic termiticides used for soil treatments (fast-acting) and baits (slow-releasing), we hypothesized that termites would respond differently to corpses treated with these two methods. To test this hypothesis, in Reticulitermes flavipes, we (1) profiled postmortem chemicals in termites exposed to different termiticides and (2) documented live termite responses to these corpses. Significant variations in postmortem chemical signatures, particularly 3-octanol and 3-octanone, were found among termites exposed to different termiticides, especially bifenthrin and fipronil. However, these variations did not lead to significantly different undertaking behaviors, indicating a complex relationship between death cues and termite behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, except for bifenthrin, the fundamental undertaking behaviors were consistent despite differences in retrieval timing. This suggests that termiticides alone do not fully dictate termite undertaking behavior. Understanding termite corpse management is crucial for evaluating termiticide effectiveness, highlighting the need for an integrated pest management approach.