INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR IN ADAPTATION AND RECOVERY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN ATHLETES.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of higher nervous activity (HNA) types on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in athletes after physical exertion. The primary objective was to identify the relationship between HNA types and the body's adaptive capacity, as well as to assess stress resilience and recovery efficiency.

Material and method: The study involved 144 male athletes aged 17-20 years (mean age: 18.5±1.5 years) engaged in football and track and field. Participants were classified into groups based on their higher nervous activity (HNA) types using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the "Psychotest" software, categorizing them as sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, or melancholic. Six heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (RMSSD, SDNN, LF/HF, TP, pNN50, HF) were analyzed before and after the Cooper test (12-minute run) using the "Biomouse" hardware-software complex and the specialized "Varicard-2.51" program.

Results: The study revealed significant differences in the cardiovascular system's response to physical exertion among athletes with different higher nervous activity (HNA) types (p<0.05). Sanguine individuals exhibited a moderate decrease in RMSSD, SDNN, and TP, indicating balanced regulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Phlegmatic individuals showed minimal changes, confirming their high adaptive reserves and resilience to physical stress. In contrast, choleric and melancholic individuals demonstrated a significant reduction in RMSSD, SDNN, and TP, along with an increase in LF/HF, suggesting predominant sympathetic activity and heightened regulatory system strain. These findings highlight greater stress resilience and better adaptive capacities in sanguine and phlegmatic individuals, whereas choleric and melancholic athletes exhibit reduced adaptive potential. Furthermore, following the Cooper test, choleric and melancholic individuals displayed changes characteristic of sympathetic nervous system activation, including an increase in LF/HF and a decrease in pNN50 (p<0.01). These results emphasize the importance of considering HNA types when designing individualized training and recovery programs.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate the influence of higher nervous activity (HNA) types on adaptation to physical exertion, emphasizing the importance of a personalized approach to training and recovery programs. This is crucial for enhancing athletic performance and preventing overload and burnout.