Global Burden of Alopecia Areata and Associated Diseases: A Trend Analysis From 1990 to 2021

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 DERMATOLOGY

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI:10.1111/jocd.70076

Jia Zhou, Luling Liang, Hanlin Zhang, Mingjuan Liu, Zhou Zhu, Ling Leng, Jun Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by non-scarring hair loss, affecting approximately 2% of the global population. Its etiology involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with significant psychological impacts such as anxiety and depression. However, international trends and comorbidity associations remain poorly understood.

Aims

This study aims to analyze global trends in the incidence and prevalence of AA and assess its associations with major comorbidities across different demographic and regional groups.

Patients/Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, AA incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed by age, sex, geographic region, and socioeconomic indices (SDI and HDI). Temporal trends were evaluated with Pearson's correlation and Joinpoint regression, and comorbidities were assessed against 22 conditions.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, global AA incidence increased in absolute terms, though age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) slightly declined. Incidence was highest in North America, Southeast Asia, and Australia, with females and individuals aged 30–34 most affected. Significant associations were found with atopic dermatitis, iron deficiency, and depressive disorders, with regional variations in comorbidity patterns.

Conclusions

This study highlights rising AA cases with stable ASIRs, reflecting improved awareness and reporting. Findings underscore the complex interplay of socioeconomic factors, healthcare access, and AA burden. Further research should investigate mechanisms underlying comorbidities and guide targeted interventions to mitigate the physical and psychological impacts of AA.

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来源期刊

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology DERMATOLOGY-

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

13.00%

发文量

818

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology publishes high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of cosmetic dermatology with the aim to foster the highest standards of patient care in cosmetic dermatology. Published quarterly, the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology facilitates continuing professional development and provides a forum for the exchange of scientific research and innovative techniques. The scope of coverage includes, but will not be limited to: healthy skin; skin maintenance; ageing skin; photodamage and photoprotection; rejuvenation; biochemistry, endocrinology and neuroimmunology of healthy skin; imaging; skin measurement; quality of life; skin types; sensitive skin; rosacea and acne; sebum; sweat; fat; phlebology; hair conservation, restoration and removal; nails and nail surgery; pigment; psychological and medicolegal issues; retinoids; cosmetic chemistry; dermopharmacy; cosmeceuticals; toiletries; striae; cellulite; cosmetic dermatological surgery; blepharoplasty; liposuction; surgical complications; botulinum; fillers, peels and dermabrasion; local and tumescent anaesthesia; electrosurgery; lasers, including laser physics, laser research and safety, vascular lasers, pigment lasers, hair removal lasers, tattoo removal lasers, resurfacing lasers, dermal remodelling lasers and laser complications.