Numerical Study on Droplet Splashing Behavior of Slag-Splashing for Converter Protection Using Volume of Fluid-Discrete Phase Model Two-Way Conversion Model

Abstract

Limited quantitative research exists on the complex phenomenon of slag splashing in converters. A comprehensive modeling framework is developed to fill this gap, integrating a 3D two-phase flow model with a volume of fluid-discrete phase model two-way conversion model. This framework explores droplet behavior during splashing for converter protection, encompassing the mutual conversion between slag and discrete droplets induced by top-blowing oxygen. It also tracks the trajectories of all droplets, enabling a detailed quantitative analysis of the splashing process. The Eulerian wall film model is used to simulate liquid film formation on the converter wall. Model predictions are validated against 1:10 scale experimental data from a 50 t converter. This assessment covers splashing rates, droplet locations, and size distribution under various operating conditions. Parametric studies identified an optimal top-blowing flow rate of 8.80 Nm³ h⁻¹ and an oxygen lance height of 233.2 mm, balancing splashing effectiveness with production cost and safety.