Modeling the Impact of Varying Levels of Inclusion Adhesion on Deposition in a Pilot-Scale Nozzle

Abstract

The deposition and accumulation of inclusions is the dominant mechanism in nozzle clogging of the submerged entry nozzle. Previous modeling attempts of inclusion deposition have assumed that any contact between the inclusion and nozzle wall results in adhesion. Herein, an Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation with a stochastic adhesion model is used to study the effects of different inclusion-wall sticking probability (S_wall) on inclusion deposition. The results indicate that inclusion deposition is affected by both melt height and S_wall. Lower melt heights result in increased deposition deeper into the nozzle and greater maximum particle area number density. The effect of S_wall on the global deposition ratio can be divided into two regimes. When S_wall increases from 0–0.05, there is a rapid rise in the global deposition ratio. When S_wall > 0.05, the global deposition ratio increases only modestly with S_wall. Changes to S_wall also affect the location of deposition. When S_wall decreases, the high and mid cases show greater relative deposition in the cone and taper sections of the nozzle, while the low melt height case shows greater relative deposition in the straight section of the nozzle.