Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare condition that involves an immune-mediated attack on the brain, often presenting with seizures, altered consciousness, and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case report describes a seven-year-old girl who presented with acute brain dysfunction, including seizures and disturbed consciousness, following a gastrointestinal illness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed early signs of AE, including hyperintensities in the external capsules and medial temporal lobe. Following negative infectious workups, the diagnosis of AE was confirmed, and the patient was treated with immunomodulatory therapy, leading to gradual improvement. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition, the role of MRI in diagnosis, and the need for prompt treatment to improve outcomes in pediatric AE.