Mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between disease management self-efficacy, mental toughness, and quality of life in cardiovascular patients.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Understanding the psychological factors that influence the well-being of cardiovascular patients is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study investigates the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between self-efficacy for disease management, mental toughness, and quality of life in cardiovascular patients.

Method: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a specialized cardiology hospital in western Iran in 2022. The research employed correlation structure analyses and structural equation modeling. A total of 313 eligible patients with coronary artery disease participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires on coping strategies, self-efficacy in disease management, mental toughness, and quality of life. Of these, 303 valid responses were and analyzed using SPSS version 26 and PLS_3 software.

Results: The results indicated that self-efficacy and mental toughness are directly and indirectly related to quality of life through the mediation of problem-oriented coping style. Self-efficacy positively influenced problem-oriented coping styles (β = 0.226), which in turn enhanced quality of life (β = 0.192). Mental toughness showed a direct positive effect on quality of life (β = 0.276) and an indirect effect through problem-oriented coping (β = 0.032). However, Structural Equation Modeling did not confirm the mediation of emotion-oriented coping style, indicating no significant influence from self-efficacy or mental toughness on quality of life through this path. Additionally, patients with higher self-efficacy in managing their disease reported higher quality of life (β = 0.352).

Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of boosting self-efficacy and mental toughness in patients to improve their coping strategies and overall quality of life. Healthcare providers should consider incorporating these psychological factors into their treatment plans to achieve better patient outcomes.