Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a promising therapeutic option of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and obesity: hitting two targets with one shot.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are significant global health challenges, closely linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown promise in treating T2DM and obesity, but their potential for managing MASLD is still being explored. This review aims to examine the current progress in using GLP-1RAs for MASLD treatment and evaluate emerging dual and triple hormonal agonists as future therapeutic options.

Recent findings: GLP-1RAs have been effective in controlling blood sugar levels, promoting weight loss, and improving cardiovascular and kidney function. Furthermore, they have shown potential benefits for liver function in patients with MASLD. GLP-1, a key incretin hormone, influences glucose metabolism, appetite, and insulin sensitivity while affecting gastric emptying and potentially reducing fat deposition in the liver. Recent developments in GLP-1RAs include various formulations with different administration and dosing options, expanding their therapeutic use.

Summary: GLP-1RAs have become central to the management of T2DM, obesity, and possibly MASLD due to their ability to lower HbA1c, aid in weight reduction, and provide cardiovascular protection. As research continues, dual and triple hormonal agonists are emerging as the next evolution of incretin-based therapies, offering promising new strategies for addressing MASLD in the future.