Exploring Biomarkers for Malaria: Advances in Early Detection and Asymptomatic Diagnosis.

IF 4.9 3区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Biosensors-Basel Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.3390/bios15020106

Jacko Abiwaqash Harmonis, Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma, Yaya Rukayadi, Aliya Nur Hasanah

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Malaria is a tropical disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, which was responsible for 249 million cases worldwide in 2022. Malaria is currently diagnosed using RDTs, PCR-based methods, or blood smear microscopy. Ideal biomarkers have been identified for malaria, with the potential for improving treatment, diagnosis, and overall clinical outcomes. This review discusses the types of existing biomarkers and the opportunities for new biomarkers to be used as diagnostic components in detecting Plasmodium, including in terms of sensitivity, detection limit, specificity, and the species of Plasmodium that can be detected. Following a comparison, five main ideal malaria biomarkers were identified, namely HRP2, pLDH, hemozoin, aldolase, and pGDH. These biomarkers distinguished themselves markedly from the others in terms of specificity in Plasmodium detection, sensitivity in analysis, and the use of non-invasive samples. Several other biomarkers, such as CRP, Ang-1, Ang-2, and PCT, show potential for malaria detection in terms of their ability to differentiate disease severity, and the levels of these biomarkers can be determined in the body for comparison with malaria parasitemia. Of the five ideal biomarkers, hemozoin and aldolase can still be developed regarding the types of samples used and their sensitivity to different Plasmodium species. Further research on the biomarkers CRP, Ang-1, Ang-2, and PCT is still needed to evaluate their potential.

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探索疟疾生物标志物：早期检测和无症状诊断的进展。

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来源期刊

Biosensors-Basel Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Clinical Biochemistry

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

14.80%

发文量

983

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374) provides an advanced forum for studies related to the science and technology of biosensors and biosensing. It publishes original research papers, comprehensive reviews and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.