Repairing Misperceptions of Words Early in a Sentence is More Effortful Than Repairing Later Words, Especially for Listeners With Cochlear Implants.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
Michael L Smith, Matthew B Winn
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Abstract

The process of repairing misperceptions has been identified as a contributor to effortful listening in people who use cochlear implants (CIs). The current study was designed to examine the relative cost of repairing misperceptions at earlier or later parts of a sentence that contained contextual information that could be used to infer words both predictively and retroactively. Misperceptions were enforced at specific times by replacing single words with noise. Changes in pupil dilation were analyzed to track differences in the timing and duration of effort, comparing listeners with typical hearing (TH) or with CIs. Increases in pupil dilation were time-locked to the moment of the missing word, with longer-lasting increases when the missing word was earlier in the sentence. Compared to listeners with TH, CI listeners showed elevated pupil dilation for longer periods of time after listening, suggesting a lingering effect of effort after sentence offset. When needing to mentally repair missing words, CI listeners also made more mistakes on words elsewhere in the sentence, even though these words were not masked. Changes in effort based on the position of the missing word were not evident in basic measures like peak pupil dilation and only emerged when the full-time course was analyzed, suggesting the timing analysis adds new information to our understanding of listening effort. These results demonstrate that some mistakes are more costly than others and incur different levels of mental effort to resolve the mistake, underscoring the information lost when characterizing speech perception with simple measures like percent-correct scores.

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在句子的早期修复对单词的误解比修复后面的单词更容易,特别是对于有人工耳蜗的听众来说。
修复误解的过程已被确定为使用人工耳蜗(CIs)的人努力倾听的一个因素。目前的研究旨在检验在句子的前半部分或后半部分修复误解的相对成本,这些错误包含了可以用来预测和追溯推断单词的上下文信息。在特定的时间,通过用噪音代替单个单词来强化误解。分析瞳孔扩张的变化,以跟踪在时间和持续时间上的差异,比较听力正常(TH)或CIs的听者。瞳孔扩张的增加与遗漏单词的时刻是有时间限制的,当遗漏的单词出现在句子的前面时,瞳孔扩张的持续时间更长。与使用TH的听者相比,CI听者在听完后瞳孔放大的时间更长,这表明在句子抵消后努力的持续影响。当需要在心理上修复遗漏的单词时,CI听众也会在句子的其他地方出现更多的错误,即使这些单词没有被掩盖。在瞳孔扩张峰值等基本测量指标中,听力努力度的变化并不明显,只有在分析全日制课程时才会出现,这表明时间分析为我们理解听力努力度提供了新的信息。这些结果表明,一些错误比其他错误代价更大,并且需要不同程度的心理努力来解决错误,强调了当用简单的测量方法(如正确率分数)来表征语音感知时,信息丢失了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Trends in Hearing
Trends in Hearing AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGYOTORH-OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
11.10%
发文量
44
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Trends in Hearing is an open access journal completely dedicated to publishing original research and reviews focusing on human hearing, hearing loss, hearing aids, auditory implants, and aural rehabilitation. Under its former name, Trends in Amplification, the journal established itself as a forum for concise explorations of all areas of translational hearing research by leaders in the field. Trends in Hearing has now expanded its focus to include original research articles, with the goal of becoming the premier venue for research related to human hearing and hearing loss.
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